High lysine and high tryptophan transgenic maize resulting from the reduction of both 19- and 22-kD α-zeins
Abstract
The major maize seed storage proteins, zeins, are deficient in lysine and tryptophan content, which contribute to the poor nutritional quality of corn. Whether through the identification of mutations or genetic engineering, kernels with reduced levels of zein proteins have been shown to have increased levels of lysine and tryptophan. It has been hypothesized that these increases are due to the reduction of lysine-poor zeins and a pleiotropic increase in the lysine-rich non-zein proteins. By transforming maize with constructs expressing chimeric double-stranded RNA, kernels derived from stable transgenic plants displayed significant declines in the accumulation of both 19- and 22-kD alpha-zeins, which resulted in higher lysine and tryptophan content than previously reported for kernels with reduced zein levels. The observation that lysine and tryptophan content is correlated with the protein levels measured in transgenic maize kernels is consistent with the hypothesis that a pleiotropic increase in non-zein proteins is contributing to an improved amino acid balance. In addition, a large increase in accumulation of free amino acids, consisting predominantly of asparagine, aspartate and glutamate, was observed in the zein reduction kernels.
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Genetic engineering offers new possibilities for approaching both objectives, including improving the nutritional value of feed, lowering N and P pollution through altered crop composition, and reducing manure excretion through a higher NE value.
“Genetic engineering offers new possibilities for approaching both of these objectives, including improving the nutritional value of feed (e.g., AA content; Huang et al., 2006), lowering N and P pollution through altered crop composition (e.g., low phytate; Chen et al., 2008), and reducing manure excretion through a higher NE value (e.g., reduced lignin; Jung et al., 2012).”
From Prevalence and impacts of genetically engineered feedstuffs on livestock populations1 (2014) · cites this paper as Huang et al., 2006
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- Authors
- Huang, S., Frizzi, A., Florida, C. A., Kruger, D. E., & Luethy, M. H.
- Affiliations
- Monsanto (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Shihshieh
- Venue
- Plant Molecular Biology
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 525-535
- ISSN
- 0167-4412 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5028
- OpenAlex
- W1999124505
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 11.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Plant Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Keywords
- transgenic maize, alpha-zein, lysine, tryptophan, seed storage proteins, amino acid composition, free amino acids, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamate
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Zea mays, Genetic Engineering, Genetic Vectors, Lysine, RNA, Double-Stranded, Seeds, Transformation, Genetic, Tryptophan, Zein, Blotting, Northern, Gene Silencing, Plants, Genetically Modified
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