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Secondary ketocarotenoid astaxanthin biosynthesis in algae: a multifunctional response to stress
Open accessAbstract
Under stressful environments, many green algae such as Haematococcus pluvialis accumulate secondary ketocarotenoids such as canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. The carotenogenesis, responsible for natural phenomena such as red snows, generally accompanies larger metabolic changes as well as morphological modifications, i.e., the conversion of the green flagellated macrozoids into large red cysts. Astaxanthin accumulation constitutes a convenient way to store energy and carbon, which will be used for further synthesis under less stressful conditions. Besides this, the presence of high amount of astaxanthin enhances the cell resistance to oxidative stress generated by unfavorable environmental conditions including excess light, UV-B irradiation, and nutrition stress and, therefore, confers a higher survival capacity to the cells. This better resistance results from the quenching of oxygen atoms for the synthesis itself as well as from the antioxidant properties of the astaxanthin molecules. Therefore, astaxanthin synthesis corresponds to a multifunctional response to stress. In this contribution, the various biochemical, genetic, and molecular data related to the biosynthesis of ketocarotenoids by Haematococcus pluvialis and other taxa are reviewed and compared. A tentative regulatory model of the biochemical network driving astaxanthin production is proposed.
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“This microalga synthesizes astaxanthin in response to environmental stress [153].”
From The promising future of microalgae: Current status, challenges, and optimization of a sustainable and renewable industry for biofuels, feed, and other products (2018) · cites this paper as [153]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Lemoine, Y., & Schoefs, B.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- Photosynthesis Research
- Published
- 2010-08-13
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 155-177
- ISSN
- 0166-8595 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5079
- OpenAlex
- W1991026527
- Cited by
- 384
- References
- 215
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Photosynthesis Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- LillOA (Université de Lille (University Of Lille)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Keywords
- astaxanthin biosynthesis, ketocarotenoids, Haematococcus pluvialis, carotenogenesis, oxidative stress, antioxidant activity, red snow, cyst formation, UV-B stress, light stress, metabolic regulation, green algae
- MeSH terms
- Chlorophyta, Carotenoids, Stress, Physiological, Plastids, Xanthophylls, Biosynthetic Pathways, Eukaryota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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