A Novel Peptide Isolated from Microalgae Isochrysis zhanjiangensis Exhibits Anti-apoptosis and Anti-inflammation in Ox-LDL Induced HUVEC to Improve Atherosclerosis
Abstract
In the early stage, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) caused atherosclerosis, followed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) damage, leading to a variety of cardiovascular related diseases. This study investigated the mechanism of nonapeptide (EMFGTSSET, ETT) isolated from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of Isochrysis zhanjiang on endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis induced by ox-LDL in atherosclerosis. At the cellular level, the results shown that ETT inhibited the up-regulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) induced by ox-LDL. Furthermore, ETT inhibited the fluorescence intensity of ROS, inflammatory factors (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and the expression of cell adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1). In addition, it also upregulates nuclear red blood cell 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO -1), p-Akt, and bcl-2 levels. But down-regulated the expression of p-p65, p-IκB-α, p-p38, p-ERK, p-JNK, bax, and cleaved caspase-9/-3 (c-c-9/-3), thereby inhibited ox-LDL induction inflammation and apoptosis of atherosclerosis. Through molecular docking, it was judged that the stable interaction between ETT and LOX-1 and VCAM-1 was maintained through hydrogen bonding. These results can provide a theoretical basis for ETT as a potential substance for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and further improve the value of Isochrysis zhanjiangensis.
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A nonapeptide from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis reduced apoptosis and inflammation in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, suggesting antiatherogenic potential, although its effects in vivo remain unconfirmed.
“A current finding isolated a nonapeptide (Glu-Met-Phe-Gly-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Thr) from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis (Coccolithophyceae) that reduced apoptosis and inflammation in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, suggesting antiatherogenic potential, although its effects in vivo remain unconfirmed [128].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [128]
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“A current finding isolated a nonapeptide (Glu-Met-Phe-Gly-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Thr) from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis (Coccolithophyceae) that reduced apoptosis and inflammation in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, suggesting antiatherogenic potential, although its effects in vivo remain unconfirmed [128].”
- Authors
- Pei, Y., Lui, Y., Cai, S., Zhou, C., Hong, P., & Qian, Z.-J.
- Affiliations
- Guangdong Ocean University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hong, Pengzhi
- Qian, Zhong-Ji
- Venue
- Plant Foods for Human Nutrition
- Published
- 2022-04-27
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 181-189
- ISSN
- 0033-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 0921-9668
- 1573-9104
- OpenAlex
- W4224925143
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Keywords
- Isochrysis zhanjiangensis, oxidized LDL, atherosclerosis, endothelial cell apoptosis, endothelial inflammation, LOX-1, VCAM-1, Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, Akt signaling, NF-κB signaling, MAPK signaling, caspase activation, anti-inflammatory peptides
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Inflammation, Lipoproteins, LDL, Apoptosis, Atherosclerosis, Scavenger Receptors, Class E, Microalgae, Haptophyta, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Molecular Docking Simulation
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