Cross-cultural validity of the thyroid-specific quality-of-life patient-reported outcome measure, ThyPRO
Abstract
Background and purpose Thyroid diseases are common and often affect quality of life (QoL). No cross-culturally validated patient-reported outcome measuring thyroid-related QoL is available. The purpose of the present study was to test the cross-cultural validity of the newly developed thyroid-related patient-reported outcome ThyPRO, using tests for differential item functioning (DIF) according to language version.Methods The ThyPRO consists of 85 items summarized in 13 multi-item scales and one single item. Scales cover physical and mental symptoms, well-being and function as well as social and daily function and cosmetic concerns. Translation applied standard forward-backward methodology with subsequent cognitive interviews and reviews. Responses (N = 1,810) to the ThyPRO were collected in seven countries: UK (n = 166), The Netherlands (n = 147), Serbia (n = 150), Italy (n = 110), India (n = 148), Denmark (n = 902) and Sweden (n = 187). Translated versions were compared pairwise to the English version by examining uniform and nonuniform DIF, i.e., whether patients from different countries respond differently to a particular item, although they have identical level of the concept measured by the item. Analyses were controlled for thyroid diagnosis. DIF was investigated by ordinal logistic regression, testing for both statistical significance and magnitude (ΔR (2) > 0.02). Scale level was estimated by the sum score, after purification.Results For twelve of the 84 tested items, DIF was identified in more than one language. Eight of these were small, but four were indicative of possible low translatability. Twenty-one instances of DIF in single languages were identified, indicating potential problems with the particular translation. However, only seven were of a magnitude which could affect scale scores, most of which could be explained by sample differences not controlled for.Conclusion The ThyPRO has good cross-cultural validity with only minor cross-cultural invariance and is recommended for use in international multicenter studies.
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The ThyPRO has good cross-cultural validity.
“The ThyPRO has good cross-cultural validity; the shortened ThyPRO-39, which is now available in many languages, might be preferred [41,85].”
From T4+T3 Combination Therapy: An Unsolved Problem of Increasing Magnitude and Complexity (2021) · cites this paper as [85]
The shortened ThyPRO-39 might be preferred.
“The ThyPRO has good cross-cultural validity; the shortened ThyPRO-39, which is now available in many languages, might be preferred [41,85].”
From T4+T3 Combination Therapy: An Unsolved Problem of Increasing Magnitude and Complexity (2021) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- Watt, T., Barbesino, G., Bjorner, J. B., Bonnema, S. J., Bukvic, B., Drummond, R., Groenvold, M., Hegedüs, L., Kantzer, V., Lasch, K. E., Marcocci, C., Mishra, A., Netea-Maier, R., Ekker, M., Paunovic, I., Quinn, T. J., Rasmussen, Å. K., Russell, A., Sabaretnam, M., Smit, J., Törring, O., Zivaljevic, V., & Feldt-Rasmussen, U.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Odense University Hospital (DK)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Pharmerit (Netherlands) (NL)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Univerzitetski Klinički Centar Srbije (RS)
- University College Cork (IE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Watt, Torquil
- ORCID
- Venue
- Quality of Life Research
- Published
- 2014-09-07
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 769-780
- ISSN
- 0962-9343 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2649
- OpenAlex
- W2088500908
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 4.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Quality of Life Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF15OC0014622)
- Science and Engineering Research Board
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Keywords
- thyroid dysfunction, quality of life, patient-reported outcome measures, cross-cultural validity, differential item functioning, cross-cultural invariance, translation, cross-cultural adaptation, cognitive interviewing, international multicenter study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Culture, Denmark, Female, Humans, India, Italy, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Personal Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sweden, Thyroid Diseases, Translations, Logistic Models, Serbia, Self Report, Patient Outcome Assessment
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