The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Quality of life under the COVID-19 quarantine
Open accessAbstract
Background COVID-19 has spread rapidly throughout the world, causing thousands of illnesses and deaths. To fight this pandemic, almost all governments and health authorities have focused on prevention. In March or April, most countries' officials imposed home quarantine and lockdown measures nationwide.Purpose This study sought to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and anxiety levels among people in Portugal under mandatory home quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results were compared to the general Portuguese population's HRQoL before the COVID-19 outbreak. This research also aimed to understand the factors that can influence the respondents' HRQoL.Methods A sample of Portugal's population quarantined at home (n = 904) filled in an online survey comprising the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item and the EQ-5D-5L and other questions about sociodemographic characteristics, feelings, duties and activities during the quarantine. The sample was weighted to mirror the general population's gender, age and education. Descriptive analyses and correlation coefficients were used to evaluation the respondents' anxiety and HRQoL. Generalised linear models were estimated to identify determinants of HRQoL during the COVID-19 quarantine.Results The results show that individuals quarantined at home reported higher anxiety and lower HRQoL levels and that people with more anxiety tended to have a lower HRQoL. Females and elderly individuals experienced the highest levels of anxiety and poorest HRQoL. In addition, HRQoL during the quarantine can be explained by various occupational and attitudinal variables, as well as sociodemographic variables.Conclusion Individuals' mental health should be taken into consideration during pandemics or other emergency situations. Anxiety and other factors can decrease people's HRQoL, in conjunction with the pandemic's social and economic consequences.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Supporting prior research, anxiety symptom severity was negatively correlated with QOL among individuals under COVID lockdown conditions, with females, older individuals, unemployed individuals, and individuals with or a caretaker for a chronic medical condition experiencing lower levels of QOL [87, 88].”
From Correlates of Quality of Life in Anxiety Disorders: Review of Recent Research (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729 · Cited by 9,923
Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)
Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., Janssen, M., Kind, P., Parkin, D., Bonsel, G., & Badia, X. (2011) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x · Cited by 9,795 · cited 2×
“no, slight, moderate, severe and extreme problems), thereby defining a total of 3125 health states [28].”
BackgroundMethodThe ASA Statement on p -Values: Context, Process, and Purpose
Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2016) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108 · Cited by 6,306
(2009) · Cited by 4,453
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213 · Cited by 4,307
Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed
Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30046-8 · Cited by 3,598
Estimating log models: to transform or not to transform?
Manning, W. G., & Mullahy, J. (2001) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(01)00086-8 · Cited by 1,790
Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety
Lee, S. A. (2020) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481 · Cited by 1,649
Zhang, Y., & Ma, Z. F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072381 · Cited by 1,477
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Portuguese Statistical Office. (2012). Census 2011 Resultados Definitivos—Portugal. Lisbon: INE.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–318 of 318
Additional file 1 of Health and well-being of the Portuguese citizens: impacts of the COVID-19
Ferreira, L. N., Pereira, L. N., & Ferreira, P. L. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24091690
Self-citationJagtap, N. R., Shaikh, A. A., & Agarwal, B. M. (2025) · MGM Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_151_25
Hip fracture patients exhibit poorer premorbid quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic
Wong, K. C., Fong, J., Kc, O., Lee, M., Zhang, K. T., Koh, J. S. B., Howe, T. S., Tay, K. X. K., & Yeo, W. (2026) · Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare · doi:10.1177/20101058261418453
Revisiting workplace mobbing: tweets and qualitative analysis in Türkiye case
Fındıklı, M. A., Morgül, G., Anka, F. A., Sahmoud, S., & Anka, F. (2026) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-025-11705-5
The Relationship Between Anxiety and Quality of Life Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Tyaningsih, N. A., & Melliza, N. (2025) · Discover Health and Medicine · doi:10.64408/dhm.2025.11144
Otchia, C. S. (2026) · Scientific African · doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2026.e03273
Campos, B. A., Stroparo, J. L. D. O., Bruzamolin, C. D., Gabardo, M. C. L., & da Silva, W. J. (2026) · Brazilian journal of oral sciences/Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences · doi:10.20396/bjos.v25i00.8676354
Shehab, A. A., Ibrahim, H. I., & Hussein, S. A. (2026) · Sustainable civil infrastructures · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-17918-0_37
Mao, Z., Bilcke, J., Pepermans, K., & Beutels, P. (2026) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2026.05.001
Quarantine to Cohorting: The Evolving Toolkits of Biosecurity
Tripathy, D., & Giri, P. P. (2026) · Journal of Comprehensive Health · doi:10.25259/jch_32_2025
Prediction and Analysis of Infectious Disease Spread Based on Bi-GRU and SVEIQR Model
Lu, S., Huang, S., Zhang, J., & Wu, K. (2026) · International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing (ICSP) · doi:10.1109/icsp69961.2026.11540804
Yeap, T. B., Parash, M. T. H., Soe, M. Z., & Shimmi, S. C. (2026) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.21179
Ndetei, D. M., Mutiso, V., Musyimi, C. W., Jeremiah, E., Nyamai, P. K., Walusaka, S., Onyango, V., Mamah, D. T., & Bhui, K. S. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-08328-y
Aro, M., Mattila, T., Avellan-Hietanen, H., Koponen, P., Koskinen, S., Pietilä, A., & Vasankari, T. (2026) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45239
Федотова, Г. В., Ахмедова, Х. Г., Kapustina, Y. A., Kozenko, T. E., Maksyutin, I. A., & Dzhancharov, T. M. (2026) · South of Russia ecology development · doi:10.18470/1992-1098-2026-2-1
Relationship between illness perception and quality of life in prostate cancer survivors
Tajik, M., Salehi, S., & Nasrollah, S. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medical Research · doi:10.66224/jbums.33.1.62
Multidimensional determinants of urban satisfaction: a structural equation modeling approach
Yum, S. (2026) · International Journal of Urban Sciences · doi:10.1080/12265934.2026.2717282
Guerrera, S., Fucà, E., Parisi, M., & Vicari, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1947791
Metadata
- Authors
- Ferreira, L. N., Pereira, L. N., da Fé Brás, M., & Ilchuk, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Algarve (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Ferreira, Lara N.
- Venue
- Quality of Life Research
- Published
- 2021-01-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1389-1405
- ISSN
- 0962-9343 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2649
- PMC
- PMC7778495
- OpenAlex
- W3119797038
- Cited by
- 318
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 25
- FWCI
- 44.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Quality of Life Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidade de Coimbra
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UIDP/SOC/04020/2020)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › COVID-19 Prevention and Impact
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, home quarantine, lockdown, health-related quality of life, anxiety, GAD-7, EQ-5D-5L, sociodemographic factors, gender differences, older adults, working conditions, mental health during pandemic, Portugal
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Quality of Life, Quarantine, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
