The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Quality of life under the COVID-19 quarantine
Open accessAbstract
Background COVID-19 has spread rapidly throughout the world, causing thousands of illnesses and deaths. To fight this pandemic, almost all governments and health authorities have focused on prevention. In March or April, most countries' officials imposed home quarantine and lockdown measures nationwide.Purpose This study sought to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and anxiety levels among people in Portugal under mandatory home quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results were compared to the general Portuguese population's HRQoL before the COVID-19 outbreak. This research also aimed to understand the factors that can influence the respondents' HRQoL.Methods A sample of Portugal's population quarantined at home (n = 904) filled in an online survey comprising the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item and the EQ-5D-5L and other questions about sociodemographic characteristics, feelings, duties and activities during the quarantine. The sample was weighted to mirror the general population's gender, age and education. Descriptive analyses and correlation coefficients were used to evaluation the respondents' anxiety and HRQoL. Generalised linear models were estimated to identify determinants of HRQoL during the COVID-19 quarantine.Results The results show that individuals quarantined at home reported higher anxiety and lower HRQoL levels and that people with more anxiety tended to have a lower HRQoL. Females and elderly individuals experienced the highest levels of anxiety and poorest HRQoL. In addition, HRQoL during the quarantine can be explained by various occupational and attitudinal variables, as well as sociodemographic variables.Conclusion Individuals' mental health should be taken into consideration during pandemics or other emergency situations. Anxiety and other factors can decrease people's HRQoL, in conjunction with the pandemic's social and economic consequences.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Supporting prior research, anxiety symptom severity was negatively correlated with QOL among individuals under COVID lockdown conditions, with females, older individuals, unemployed individuals, and individuals with or a caretaker for a chronic medical condition experiencing lower levels of QOL [87, 88].”
From Correlates of Quality of Life in Anxiety Disorders: Review of Recent Research (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729 · Cited by 9,923
Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)
Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., Janssen, M., Kind, P., Parkin, D., Bonsel, G., & Badia, X. (2011) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x · Cited by 9,795 · cited 2×
“no, slight, moderate, severe and extreme problems), thereby defining a total of 3125 health states [28].”
BackgroundMethodThe ASA Statement on p -Values: Context, Process, and Purpose
Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2016) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108 · Cited by 6,306
(2009) · Cited by 4,453
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213 · Cited by 4,307
Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed
Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30046-8 · Cited by 3,598
Estimating log models: to transform or not to transform?
Manning, W. G., & Mullahy, J. (2001) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(01)00086-8 · Cited by 1,790
Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety
Lee, S. A. (2020) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481 · Cited by 1,649
Zhang, Y., & Ma, Z. F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072381 · Cited by 1,477
Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.923549 · Cited by 1,404
Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic
Yao, H., Chen, J.-H., & Xu, Y.-F. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30090-0 · Cited by 1,393
Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020
Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., & Engelhard, I. M. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258 · Cited by 1,264
Wang, Y., Di, Y., Ye, J., & Wei, W. (2020) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2020.1746817 · Cited by 948
Generalized modeling approaches to risk adjustment of skewed outcomes data
Manning, W. G., Basu, A., & Mullahy, J. (2005) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.09.011 · Cited by 760
Doing Survey Research: A Guide to Quantitative Methods
Nardi, P. M. (2005) · Cited by 733
Nguyen, H. C., Nguyen, M. H., Do, B. N., Tran, C. Q., Nguyen, T. T. P., Pham, K. M., Pham, L. V., Tran, K. V., Duong, T. T., Tran, T. V., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9040965 · Cited by 557
Health-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D–5L: South Australian population norms
McCaffrey, N., Kaambwa, B., Currow, D. C., & Ratcliffe, J. (2016) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0537-0 · Cited by 478
Everyday stressors and gender differences in daily distress
Almeida, D. M., & Kessler, R. C. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.670 · Cited by 406 · cited 1×
“Men react more anxiously to work and/or financial matters [47].”
BackgroundThe GAD-7 scale was accurate for diagnosing generalised anxiety disorder
Swinson, R. P. (2006) · Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/ebm.11.6.184 · Cited by 323
Generalized Linear Models for Insurance Data
de Jong, P., & Heller, G. Z. (2008) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511755408 · Cited by 263
Barari, S., Caria, S. A., Davola, A., Falco, P., Fetzer, T., Fiorin, S., Hensel, L., Ivchenko, A., Jachimowicz, J., King, G., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.03.27.20042820 · Cited by 254
Reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale
Sousa, T. V., Viveiros, V., Chai, M. V., Vicente, F. L., Jesus, G., Carnot, M. J., Gordo, A. C., & Ferreira, P. L. (2015) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0244-2 · Cited by 237
COVID-19, mental health and religion: an agenda for future research
Dein, S. L., Loewenthal, K. M., Lewis, C. A., & Pargäment, K. I. (2020) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2020.1768725 · Cited by 209
Quality of life profile and psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L in HIV/AIDS patients
Tran, B., Ohinmaa, A., & Nguyen, L. (2012) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-10-132 · Cited by 205
Grochtdreis, T., Dams, J., König, H., & Konnopka, A. (2019) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-019-01054-1 · Cited by 192
Scalone, L., Ciampichini, R., FAGIUOLI, S., Gardini, I., Fusco, F., Gaeta, L. M., Prete, A. D., Cesana, G., & Mantovani, L. G. (2012) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-012-0318-0 · Cited by 135
Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Community Dwelling Elderly
Halaweh, H., Willén, C., Grimby‐Ekman, A., & Svantesson, U. M. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr2307w · Cited by 120
Bishwajit, G., O’Leary, D. P., Ghosh, S., Yaya, S., Tang, S., & Feng, Z. (2017) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-017-0489-1 · Cited by 98
The association between observed mobility and quality of life in the near elderly
Shafrin, J., Sullivan, J., Goldman, D. P., & Gill, T. M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182920 · Cited by 97
Ferreira, P. L., Antunes, P., Ferreira, L. N., Pereira, L. N., & Ramos-Goñi, J. M. (2019) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02226-5 · Cited by 93
Self-citationPulvirenti, F., Cinetto, F., Milito, C., Bonanni, L., Pesce, A. M., Leodori, G., Garzi, G., Miglionico, M., Tabolli, S., & Quinti, I. (2020) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.003 · Cited by 93
Anxiety and Depression in the Portuguese Older Adults: Prevalence and Associated Factors
de Sousa, R. D., Rodrigues, A. M., Gregório, M. J., Branco, J., Gouveia, M. J., Canhão, H. M., & Dias, S. S. (2017) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00196 · Cited by 90
Comparing the performance of the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L in young Portuguese adults
Ferreira, L. N., Ferreira, P. L., Ribeiro, F. P., & Pereira, L. N. (2016) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0491-x · Cited by 70
Self-citationCollin, J., Hill, S. E., Eltanani, M. K., Plotnikova, E., Ralston, R., & Smith, K. E. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182612 · Cited by 65
Financial Crises: Impact on Mental Health and Suggested Responses
Christodoulou, N. G., & Christodoulou, G. N. (2013) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000351268 · Cited by 62
Clinical and economic strategies in outpatient medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Provenzano, D. A., Sitzman, B. T., Florentino, S. A., & Buterbaugh, G. A. (2020) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1136/rapm-2020-101640 · Cited by 60
Prevalence of depression and anxiety in a village in Sindh.
Luni, F. K., Ansari, B., Jawad, A., Dawson, A., & Baig, S. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 44
EQ-5D-5L Portuguese population norms
Ferreira, P. L., Pereira, L. N., Antunes, P., & Ferreira, L. N. (2023) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-022-01552-9 · Cited by 44
Self-citationThe global economic crisis: effects on mental health and what can be done
Ng, K., Agius, M. A., & Zaman, R. (2013) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076813481770 · Cited by 43
No time for dilemma: mass gatherings must be suspended
Memish, Z. A., Ahmed, Q. A. A., Schlagenhauf, P., Doumbia, S., & Khan, A. A. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30754-6 · Cited by 42
Fernández, A., Garcia-Alonso, J., Royo-Pastor, C., Garrell-Corbera, I., Rengel-Chica, J., Agudo-Ugena, J., Ramos, A., & Mendive, J. M. (2015) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp15x684025 · Cited by 39
Khuê, P. M., Thom, V. T., Minh, D. Q., Quang, L. M., & Hoa, N. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00352 · Cited by 39
Abdelbasset, W. K., Alsubaie, S. F., Tantawy, S. A., Elyazed, T. I. A., & Elshehawy, A. A. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000014895 · Cited by 33
Crick, K., Sayah, F. A., Ohinmaa, A. E., & Johnson, J. A. (2018) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-018-1828-1 · Cited by 26
OLIVEIRA, M. F. P. V. D. S., & Fernandes, C. (2020) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000879 · Cited by 18
Sayah, F. A., Ohinmaa, A. E., & Johnson, J. A. (2018) · MDM Policy & Practice · doi:10.1177/2381468318799361 · Cited by 15
Depression and Physical Inactivity as Confounding the Effect of Obesity on Atrial Fibrillation
Garimella, R. S., Sears, S. F., & Gehi, A. K. (2016) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.03.012 · Cited by 12
International primary care snapshots: Australia and Brazil
Piterman, L., Harris, M. J., Saddi, F. D. C., Batista, S. R., & Pêgo, R. A. (2015) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp15x684517 · Cited by 5
PNS201 UNITED STATES POPULATION NORMS FOR THE EQ-5D-5L
Jiang, R., Janssen, B., & Pickard, A. S. (2020) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2020.04.1194 · Cited by 2
Erlewein, D., Bruni, T., & Bondio, M. G. (2018) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.12302 · Cited by 1
Barari, S., Caria, S. A., Davola, A., Falco, P., Fetzer, T., Fiorin, S., Hensel, L., Ivchenko, A., Jachimowicz, J., King, G., et al. (2020) · Bristol Research (University of Bristol) · doi:10.7910/dvn/1sbqcx · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Portuguese Statistical Office. (2012). Census 2011 Resultados Definitivos—Portugal. Lisbon: INE.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Correlates of Quality of Life in Anxiety Disorders: Review of Recent Research
Wilmer, M. T., Anderson, K., & Reynolds, M. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01290-4 · Cited by 150
Bai, W., Zhao, Y.-J., Cai, H. X., Sha, S., Zhang, Q., Lei, S., Lok, K.-I., Chow, I. H. I., Cheung, T. C. C., Su, Z., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.061 · Cited by 123
Karaköse, T., Özdemir, T. Y., Papadakis, S., Yirci, R., Ozkayran, S. E., & Polat, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031052 · Cited by 113
COVID-19 and Thyroid Diseases: A Bidirectional Impact
Duntas, L. H., & Jonklaas, J. (2021) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvab076 · Cited by 101
Carpi, M., Cianfarani, C., & Vestri, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052874 · Cited by 117
Metadata
- Authors
- Ferreira, L. N., Pereira, L. N., da Fé Brás, M., & Ilchuk, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Algarve (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Ferreira, Lara N.
- Venue
- Quality of Life Research
- Published
- 2021-01-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1389-1405
- ISSN
- 0962-9343 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2649
- PMC
- PMC7778495
- OpenAlex
- W3119797038
- Cited by
- 318
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 25
- FWCI
- 44.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Quality of Life Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidade de Coimbra
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UIDP/SOC/04020/2020)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › COVID-19 Prevention and Impact
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, home quarantine, lockdown, health-related quality of life, anxiety, GAD-7, EQ-5D-5L, sociodemographic factors, gender differences, older adults, working conditions, mental health during pandemic, Portugal
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Quality of Life, Quarantine, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
