Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety
Abstract
Mental health concerns of people impacted by the coronavirus pandemic have not been adequately addressed. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the properties of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), which is a brief mental health screener to identify probable cases of dysfunctional anxiety associated with the COVID-19 crisis. This 5-item scale, which was based on 775 adults with anxiety over the coronavirus, demonstrated solid reliability and validity. Elevated CAS scores were found to be associated with coronavirus diagnosis, impairment, alcohol/drug coping, negative religious coping, extreme hopelessness, suicidal ideation, as well as attitudes toward President Trump and Chinese products. The CAS discriminates well between persons with and without dysfunctional anxiety using an optimized cut score of ≥ 9 (90% sensitivity and 85% specificity). These results support the CAS as an efficient and valid tool for clinical research and practice.
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The COVID-19 outbreak is associated with a major mental health burden, increased depressive symptoms, decreased sleep quality, and elevated anxiety in the general population.
“initial studies indicated a major mental health burden among the public, increased depressive symptoms, decreased sleep quality, and elevated anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak [3–5].”
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“Lee did not find a relationship between CAS score and gender or a history of anxiety.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPrevalence and predictors of coronaphobia among frontline hospital and public health nurses
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- Authors
- Lee, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Christopher Newport University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Sherman A.
- ORCID
- Lee, Sherman A.
- Venue
- Death Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-04-16
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 393-401
- ISSN
- 0748-1187 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-7683
- OpenAlex
- W3016709262
- Cited by
- 1,649
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 299 · 2022: 461 · 2021: 436 · 2020: 187
- FWCI
- 138.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Death Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, mental health screening, scale development, psychometric validation, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, religious coping, mental health during pandemic
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Pneumonia, Viral, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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