Is Psychological Well-Being Linked to the Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables?
Open accessAbstract
Humans run on a fuel called food.Yet economists and other social scientists rarely study what people eat.We provide simple evidence consistent with the existence of a link between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and high well-being.In cross-sectional data, happiness and mental health rise in an approximately dose-response way with the number of daily portions of fruit and vegetables.The pattern is remarkably robust to adjustment for a large number of other demographic, social and economic variables.Well-being peaks at approximately 7 portions per day.We document this relationship in three data sets, covering approximately 80,000 randomly selected British individuals, and for seven measures of well-being (life satisfaction, WEMWBS mental well-being, GHQ mental disorders, self-reported health, happiness, nervousness, and feeling low).Reverse causality and problems of confounding remain possible.We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our analysis, how government policy-makers might wish to react to it, and what kinds of further research --especially randomized trials --would be valuable.
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Nine different antioxidants found in fruit and vegetables have been shown in another study to be associated with optimism in middle-aged adults.
“nine different antioxidants found in fruit and vegetables have been shown in another study to be associated with optimism in middle-aged adults.41”
From Major health-related behaviours and mental well-being in the general population: the Health Survey for England (2014) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Blanchflower, D. G., Oswald, A. J., & Stewart-Brown, S.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- IZA - Institute of Labor Economics (DE)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Oswald, Andrew J.
- Venue
- Social Indicators Research
- Published
- 2012-10-11
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 785-801
- ISSN
- 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0921
- OpenAlex
- W1571758011
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 16.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Social Indicators Research (publishedVersion)
- National Bureau of Economic Research (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- National Bureau of Economic Research (submittedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/H021248/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- psychological well-being, fruit and vegetable intake, mental health, life satisfaction, self-reported health, anxiety, dietary intake
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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