Effects of DGAT1 on Milk Performance in Sudanese Butana × Holstein Crossbred Cattle
Open accessAbstract
Abstract The improvement of milk production of indigenous Sudanese cattle such as Bos indicus Butana and its cross with Holstein is a major goal of the Sudanese government to ensure sufficient healthy nutrition in the country. In this study, we investigated the K232A polymorphism of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1), a well-known modulator of milk production in other breeds. We determined allele frequencies and the allele effects on milk production. Therefore, 93 purebred Butana and 203 Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle were genotyped using competitive allele-specific PCR assays. Association analysis was performed using a linear mixed model in R. In purebred Butana cattle, the lysine DGAT1 protein variant K232, which is found to be associated with higher fat and protein contents, as well as higher fat yield was highly frequent at 0.929, while its frequency in Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle was 0.394. Significant effects were found on milk yield (P = 7.6 × 10−20), fat yield (P = 2.2 × 10−17), protein yield (P = 2.0 × 10−19) and lactose yield (P = 4.0 × 10−18) in crossbred cattle. As expected, the protein variant K232 was disadvantageous since it was decreasing milk, protein, and lactose yields by 1.741 kg, 0.063 kg and 0.084 kg, respectively. No significant effects were found for milk fat, protein, and lactose contents. The high frequency of the lysine DGAT1 protein variant K232 in Butana cattle could contribute to their high milk fat content in combination with low milk yield. In Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle, the DGAT1 marker can be used for effective selection and thus genetic improvement of milk production.
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Individuals carrying the lysine (K) allele of DGAT1 exhibit a higher milk fat percentage, whereas those with the alanine (A) allele show higher milk protein content and total milk yield.
“Individuals carrying the lysine (K) allele exhibit a higher milk fat percentage in both Holstein and other indigenous dairy cattle breeds, whereas those with the alanine (A) allele show higher milk protein content and total milk yield [151,152,153,154].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [153]
The Introduction says the lysine (K232) variant is associated with higher milk fat and protein contents but lower milk yield. The Abstract reports that K232 decreased milk yield in the studied crossbreds, supporting the converse for alanine, but found no significant effect on protein content. Thus the source does not support the claim that the alanine variant raises milk protein content; its stated association points the other way. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Abu Sara SM Said Ahmed A Ahmed MKA Reissmann M Brockmann GA Rahmatalla SA Variants of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene in Sudanese dairy cattle (Kenana and Butana) Journal of Molecular Genetics 2015 7 5 9 10.36478/jmolgene.2015.5.9 · DOI
- Rahamattalla, S.A., Reissmann, M., Mueller, U., and Brockmann, G.A. 2015. Identification of genetic variants influencing milk production traits in Sudanese dairy cattle. In Research Journal of Animal Sciences, 9, 12–22. 10.36478/rjnasci.2015.12.22. · DOI
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- Authors
- Elzaki, S., Korkuć, P., Arends, D., Reissmann, M., & Brockmann, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Khartoum (SD)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Brockmann, Gudrun A.
- Venue
- Tropical Animal Health and Production
- Published
- 2022-03-25
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 142-142
- ISSN
- 0049-4747 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7438
- PMC
- PMC8948139
- OpenAlex
- W4221125761
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Tropical Animal Health and Production (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (acceptedVersion)
- edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin) (cc-by)
- Funders
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Keywords
- DGAT1, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, K232A polymorphism, milk production, milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, lactose yield, allele frequency, genetic association, marker-assisted selection, Bos indicus
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cattle, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Milk, Polymorphism, Genetic, Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase
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