Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distribution in serum of Saudi children using HPLC-FLD: marker elevations in children with asthma
Abstract
Diesel exhaust consists of a complex mixture of chemicals which contain known genotoxicants, one of which is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which may be associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution patterns of PAHs (anthracene, naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, cyclopentaphenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene, benzanthracene, chrysene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzoacephenanthrylene, and benzo(a)pyrene) in serum collected from asthmatic and healthy control children. PAH serum levels were measured in samples collected from children who lived in 11 different locations in/round Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Al-yarmouk, Usaibi, Sultana Al-kadema, Omrrojam, Kof, Janoob Dawdmi, Guberah, Arabbuah, Al-mozahemyah, Iskan Al-mazzer, and Al-gharabi) during the period 2010-2011. Our results showed that the highest total mean concentrations of PAH were found in serum samples collected from people who lived in Sultana Aljadhida, Almozahemyah, Guberah, and Omrrojam and were 663.9, 486.17, 412.18, and 258.6 ng ml(-1), respectively. The most prevalent PAHs in serum samples were naphthalene, bezanthracene, benzoacephenanthrylene, phenanthrene, chrysene, and benzo(a)pyrene with a frequency that ranged from 54.5 to 90.9 % positive samples. A close monitoring of PAH pollution is strongly recommended, especially in food and plant samples, because of their high bioaccumulation capacity.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PAHs and their metabolites can be found in the blood of adults, children and neonates, as well as in urine and maternal milk.
“Advances in bioanalytical methods have now revealed that PAHs and their metabolites can be found in the blood of adults,24, 25, 26, 27 children28, 29 and neonates,26, 30 as well as in urine18, 31, 32, 33 and maternal milk.26”
From The impact of airborne pollution on skin (2019) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease
Ezzati, M., Lopez, A. D., Rodgers, A., Vander Hoorn, S., & Murray, C. J. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11403-6 · Cited by 3,594 · see citing works
Boström, C.-E., Gerde, P., Hanberg, A., Jernström, B., Johansson, C., Kyrklund, T., Rannug, A., Törnqvist, M., Victorin, K., & Westerholm, R. N. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.110-1241197 · Cited by 1,701 · see citing works
Woodsmoke Health Effects: A Review
Naeher, L. P., Brauer, M. D., Lipsett, M., Zelikoff, J. T., Simpson, C. D., Koenig, J. Q., & Smith, K. R. (2006) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.1080/08958370600985875 · Cited by 1,535 · see citing works
Agency for toxic substances and disease registry
Available, N. (1988) · doi:10.2172/5400458 · Cited by 1,278 · see citing works
Boström, C.-E., Gerde, P., Hanberg, A., Jernström, B., Johansson, C., Kyrklund, T., Rannug, A., Törnqvist, M., Victorin, K., & Westerholm, R. N. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s3451 · Cited by 848 · see citing works
Rapid DNA methylation changes after exposure to traffic particles
Baccarelli, A., Wright, R. O., Bollati, V., Tarantini, L., Litonjua, A. A., Suh, H. H., Zanobetti, A., Sparrow, D., Vokonas, P. S., & Schwartz, J. (2009) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200807-1097oc · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Lung Cancer Risk after Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Armstrong, B., Hutchinson, E., Unwin, J., & Fletcher, T. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6895 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Ezzati, M., & Kammen, D. M. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05777-4 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Kavouras, I. G., Koutrakis, P., Tsapakis, M., Lagoudaki, E., Stephanou, E. G., von Baer, D., & Oyola, P. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es001540z · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Perera, F. P., Tang, W., Herbstman, J., Tang, D. L., Levin, L. S., Miller, R. L., & Ho, S. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004488 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Pope, D. P., Mishra, V., Thompson, L., Siddiqui, A. R., Rehfuess, E. A., Weber, M., & Bruce, N. G. (2010) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxq005 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Assessing Household Solid Fuel Use: Multiple Implications for the Millennium Development Goals
Rehfuess, E. A., Mehta, S., & Prüss‐Üstün, A. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8603 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Li, Z., Sandau, C. D., Romanoff, L. C., Caudill, S. P., Sjödin, A., Needham, L. L., & Patterson, D. G. (2008) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.01.013 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Ezzati, M., & Kammen, D. M. (2001) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.01109481 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Birth weight and exposure to kitchen wood smoke during pregnancy in rural Guatemala.
Boy, E., Bruce, N., & Delgado, H. L. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110109 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Rehwagen, M., Müller, A., Massolo, L., Herbarth, O., & Ronco, A. E. (2005) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.050 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Food as a Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Carcinogens
Guillén, M. D., Sopelana, P., & Partearroyo, M. A. (1997) · Reviews on Environmental Health · doi:10.1515/reveh.1997.12.3.133 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Ockenden, W. A., Steinnes, E., Parker, C., & Jones, K. C. (1998) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es980150y · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Monitoring Human Occupational and Environmental Exposures to Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
Brandt, H. C. A., & Watson, W. P. (2003) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1093/annhyg/meg052 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Thomas, W., Rühling, Å., & Simon, H. (1984) · Environmental Pollution Series A Ecological and Biological · doi:10.1016/0143-1471(84)90099-0 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Sanders, M., Sivertsen, S. K., & Scott, G. (2002) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-002-1232-1 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Muir, D. C. G., Segstro, M. D., Welbourn, P. M., Toom, D., Eisenreich, S. J., Macdonald, C. R., & Whelpdale, D. M. (1993) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es00043a022 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Al-Musharaf, S., Al-Othman, A. M., Al‐Daghri, N. M., Krishnaswamy, S., Yusuf, D. S., Alkharfy, K. M., Al‐Saleh, Y., Al-Attas, O. S., Alokail, M. S., Moharram, O. A., et al. (2012) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-012-1686-8 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationLichens as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioaccumulators used in atmospheric pollution studies
Guidotti, M., Stella, D., Owczarek, M., Marco, A. D., & Simone, C. D. (2003) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01452-8 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Carlberg, G. E., Ofstad, E. B., Drangsholt, H., & Steinnes, E. (1983) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(83)90109-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Harrison, R. M., & Johnston, W. R. (1985) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/0048-9697(85)90289-x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Alokail, M. S., Al‐Daghri, N. M., Abdulkareem, A., Draz, H. M., Yakout, S. M., Alnaami, A. M., Sabico, S., Alenad, A. M. H., & Chrousos, G. P. (2013) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-13-54 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationWunderli, S., Zennegg, M., Doležal, I. S., Gujer, E., Moser, U., Wolfensberger, M., Hasler, P., Noger, D., Studer, C., & Karlaganis, G. (2000) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00332-x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Al‐Daghri, N. M., Al-Othman, A. M., Albanyan, A., Al-Attas, O. S., Alokail, M. S., Sabico, S., & Chrousos, G. P. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph110403972 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationAl‐Daghri, N. M. (2008) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.2478/v10001-008-0021-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationVardoulakis, S., Chalabi, Z., Fletcher, T., Grundy, C., & Leonardi, G. S. (2008) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.01.037 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Oehme, M., & Müller, M. D. (1995) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00046-b · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Al‐Daghri, N. M., Alokail, M. S., Al-Attas, O. S., Sabico, S., & Kumar, S. (2010) · Annals of Saudi Medicine · doi:10.4103/0256-4947.62835 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationBiomonitoring of traffic originated PAHs in the air
Zelano, V., Torazzo, A., Berto, S., Ginepro, M., Prenesti, E., & Ferrari, A. (2006) · International Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1080/03067310500391534 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A review
Lawal, A. T. (2017) · Sustainable Environment · doi:10.1080/23311843.2017.1339841 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
The impact of airborne pollution on skin
Araviiskaia, E., Berardesca, E., Bieber, T., Gontijo, G., Sanchez Viera, M., Marrot, L., Chuberre, B., & Dreno, B. (2019) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.15583 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Ye, X., Pan, W., Li, C., Ma, X., Yin, S., Zhou, J., & Liu, J. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2019.12.015 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Yost, E. E., Galizia, A., Kapraun, D. F., Persad, A. S., Vulimiri, S. V., Angrish, M. M., Lee, J. S., & Druwe, I. L. (2021) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp7381 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Pilot Metabolome-Wide Association Study of Benzo(a)pyrene in Serum From Military Personnel
Walker, D. I., Pennell, K. D., Uppal, K., Xia, X., Hopke, P. K., Utell, M. J., Phipps, R. P., Sime, P. J., Rohrbeck, P., Mallon, T. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000772 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Residues in Serum Samples of Autopsied Individuals from Tennessee
Ramesh, A., Kumar, A., Aramandla, M., & Nyanda, A. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120100322 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Golokhvast, K. S., Валерьевич, Ч. В., Чайка, В., Ugay, S. M., Валентиновна, З. Е., Tsatsakis, A. M., Karakitsios, S., & Sarigiannis, D. A. (2015) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.018 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Wang, C., Yang, J., Zhu, L., Lu, Y., Lu, D., Zhang, Q., Zhao, M., & Li, Z. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.024 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Children as Biomarker Orphans: Progress in the Field of Pediatric Biomarkers
Shores, D. R., & Everett, A. D. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.077 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sibanda, T., Selvarajan, R., & Tekere, M. (2017) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12602 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ahamed, M., Akhtar, M. J., Khan, M. A. M., & Alhadlaq, H. A. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-12128-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Anıl, I., Alagha, O., Blaisi, N. I., Mohamed, I. A., Barghouthi, M., & Manzar, M. S. (2019) · Aerosol and Air Quality Research · doi:10.4209/aaqr.2019.04.0187 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sychrová, E., Yawer, A., Labohá, P., Basu, A., Dydowiczová, A., Virmani, I., Babica, P., & Sovadinová, I. (2022) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2022.103869 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Shen, X., Li, S., Zhang, H., Chen, W., Yang, Y., Li, J., Tao, S., & Wang, X. (2018) · NanoImpact · doi:10.1016/j.impact.2018.05.001 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Smith, M. R., Walker, D. I., Uppal, K., Utell, M. J., Hopke, P. K., Mallon, T. M., Krahl, P. L., Rohrbeck, P., Go, Y., & Jones, D. P. (2019) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001687 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
EL-Saeid, M. H., Alghamdi, A. G., & Alzahrani, A. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021216 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Shi, C.-F., Han, F., Xiao, J., Zhang, Z., Li, Y.-Q., Wang, J., Sun, S., Liu, J.-Y., & Cao, J. (2023) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2023.113941 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Li, N., Lewandowski, R. P., Sidhu, D., Holz, C. L., Jackson‐Humbles, D. N., Eiguren-Fernandez, A., Akbari, P., Cho, A. K., Harkema, J. R., Froines, J. R., et al. (2021) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.019 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Aslam, R., Sharif, F., Baqar, M., & Nizami, A. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-24445-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in road dust: An emerging threat in urban environment
Singh, R., & Ram, K. (2024) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102172 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
EL-Saeid, M. H., Sapp, J. B., Nadeem, M. E. A., Al-Turki, A. M., & Mahjoub, M. (2017) · Environmental Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12665-017-7063-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Role of Pet Dogs and Cats as Sentinels of Human Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Rial-Berriel, C., Henríquez‐Hernández, L. A., & Luzardo, O. P. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30734-9_4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Detection rates of pesticide residues in Saudi Arabian produce as influenced by season
Al‐Daghri, N. M., Abd-Alrahman, S. H., Alnaami, A. M., Hussain, S. D., Amer, O. E., Elhalwagy, M. E. A., & Alokail, M. S. (2023) · Arabian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105461 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation日本に於ける大豆品種の生態学的研究 : 1.開花日数と結実日数による品種の分類とその地理的分布に就いて
福井, 重., & 荒井, 正. (1951)
Ali, S. R., Anwar, Y., & Ali, H. M. (2026) · Journal of Xenobiotics · doi:10.3390/jox16020070
Al‐Saleh, I., Al-Qudaihi, G., Al-Swayeh, R., AlHaqbani, L., Alghamdi, R. M. A., Abdulkarim, A., Sultana, H., Alhusayn, K. O., Alotaibi, M., & Mohamed, G. (2026) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-026-03388-1
- Authors
- Al-Daghri, N. M., Alokail, M. S., Abd-Alrahman, S. H., & Draz, H. M.
- Affiliations
- King Saud University (SA)
- Venue
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Published
- 2014-06-14
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 12085-12090
- ISSN
- 0944-1344 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-7499
- OpenAlex
- W2056348935
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Keywords
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, serum biomarkers, childhood asthma, diesel exhaust, air pollution exposure, benzo[a]pyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, chrysene, bioaccumulation, children's respiratory health, Riyadh
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Asthma, Child, Child, Preschool, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Fluorescence, Humans, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Saudi Arabia, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
