Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Residues in Serum Samples of Autopsied Individuals from Tennessee
Open accessAbstract
This study reports the concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human blood sera samples (n = 650) obtained at autopsy from individuals who died of drug abuse, alcohol toxicity, homicide, suicide and other unknown causes. The analyzed samples from decedents revealed the presence of PAHs of which B(a)P was the most predominant one, followed by benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene. The other PAHs detected sporadically and measured were benzo(g,h,i)perylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene The mean concentrations of PAHs were greater in the twenties to fifties age groups compared to others. The PAH residue levels detected were high in African Americans compared to Caucasians, Asians, and Hispanics. It appears that environmental exposure, dietary intake and in some cases occupational exposure may have contributed to the PAH body burden. While the PAH residue concentrations measured fall within the range of those reported for healthy adults elsewhere, in isolated cases, the concentrations detected were high, calling the need for a reduction in PAH emissions and human biomonitoring studies for purposes of risk assessment.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PAHs and their metabolites can be found in the blood of adults, children and neonates, as well as in urine and maternal milk.
“Advances in bioanalytical methods have now revealed that PAHs and their metabolites can be found in the blood of adults,24, 25, 26, 27 children28, 29 and neonates,26, 30 as well as in urine18, 31, 32, 33 and maternal milk.26”
From The impact of airborne pollution on skin (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
The Results and Discussion report PAHs in blood serum from adults and children, and the Introduction identifies blood, breast milk and urine as matrices for PAH monitoring (pages not provided). The paper also discusses transfer to infants through breast milk, but these passages do not establish PAHs or their metabolites in neonatal blood; the study measured PAHs, not their metabolites. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Zuckerman, A. J. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.48.7.691-a · Cited by 8,761 · see citing works
Bioavailability and Risk Assessment of Orally Ingested Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Ramesh, A., Walker, S. A., Hood, D. B., Guillén, M. D., Schneider, K., & Weyand, E. H. (2004) · International Journal of Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10915810490517063 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Self-citationSome non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures.
(2010) · PubMed Central · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental air pollution
Castaño‐Vinyals, G., d’Errico, A., Malats, N., & Kogevinas, M. (2004) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2003.008375 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Ruhl, L. S., Vengosh, A., Dwyer, G. S., Hsu‐Kim, H., Deonarine, A., Bergin, M. H., & Kravchenko, J. S. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es900714p · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals
Loganathan, B. G. (2011) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b11098-3 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Why Do African Americans Get More Colon Cancer than Native Africans?
O’Keefe, S. J., Chung, D., Mahmoud, N., Sepulveda, A. R., Manafe, M., Arch, J. E., Adada, H., & van der Merwe, T. (2007) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.1.175s · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Neal, M. S., Zhu, J., & Foster, W. G. (2007) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.10.012 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Cook, D. S., Braithwaite, R. A., & Hale, K. A. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.53.4.282 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Body burden of POPs of Hong Kong residents, based on human milk, maternal and cord serum
Tsang, H. L., Wu, S., Leung, C. K. M., Tao, S., & Wong, M. H. (2011) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.08.010 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Hussar, E., Richards, S. M., Lin, Z., Dixon, R. P., & Johnson, K. A. (2012) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-012-1265-7 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Environmental and biological monitoring of exposures to PAHs and ETS in the general population
Aquilina, N. J., Delgado-Saborit, J. M., Meddings, C., Baker, S. G., Harrison, R. M., Jacob, P., Wilson, M., Yu, L., Duan, M., & Benowitz, N. L. (2010) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.05.015 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Two-stage transformation systems for normalization of reference distributions evaluated.
Línnet, K. (1987) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/33.3.381 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism and lung cancer risk in African-Americans
Ford, J. G. (2000) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/21.11.1971 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Halogenated POPs and PAHs in Blood Plasma of Hong Kong Residents
Qin, Y., Leung, C. K. M., Lin, C. K., Leung, A. O. W., Wang, H. S., Giesy, J. P., & Wong, M. H. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es102444g · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Drug Disposition in Pathophysiological Conditions
Gandhi, A. S., Moorthy, B., & Ghose, R. (2012) · Current Drug Metabolism · doi:10.2174/138920012803341302 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Pleil, J. D., Stiegel, M. A., Sobus, J. R., Tabucchi, S., Ghio, A. J., & Madden, M. C. (2010) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.04.035 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Wilhelm, M., Eberwein, G., Hölzer, J., Gladtke, D., Angerer, J., Marczyński, B., Behrendt, H., Ring, J., Sugiri, D., & Ranft, U. (2007) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.02.007 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Grainger, J., Huang, W., Patterson, D. G., Turner, W. E., Pirkle, J. L., Caudill, S. P., Wang, R. Y., Needham, L. L., & Sampson, E. J. (2005) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2005.06.004 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Kim, J., Yamaguchi, K., Lee, S., Tithof, P. K., Sayler, G. S., Yoon, J., & Baek, S. J. (2005) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi118 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Spink, D. C., Wu, S. J., Spink, B. C., Hussain, M. M., Vakharia, D. D., Pentecost, B. T., & Kaminsky, L. S. (2007) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.08.024 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Jung, K. H., Liu, B., Lovinsky-Desir, S., Yan, B., Camann, D., Sjodin, A., Li, Z., Perera, F., Kinney, P., Chillrud, S., et al. (2014) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.017 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Wang, N., Ingersoll, C. G., Kunz, J. L., Brumbaugh, W. G., Kane, C. M., Evans, R. B., Alexander, S., Walker, C., & Bakaletz, S. (2012) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.2032 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Fu, Z., Shrubsole, M. J., Smalley, W. E., Wu, H., Chen, Z. J., Shyr, Y., Ness, R. M., & Zheng, W. (2011) · Cancer Prevention Research · doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0191 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Pitfalls in forensic toxicology
Richardson, T. (2000) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1258/0004563001901498 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the lung
Seto, H., Ohkubo, T., Kanoh, T., Koike, M., Nakamura, K., & Kawahara, Y. (1993) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/bf01146169 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Choi, H., & Spengler, J. D. (2013) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.007 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Duarte‐Salles, T., Méndez, M. A., Pessoa, V., Guxens, M., Aguilera, I., Kogevinas, M., & Sunyer, J. (2010) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980010001278 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Tang, D. L., Kryvenko, O. N., Wang, Y., Jankowski, M., Trudeau, S., Rundle, A., & Rybicki, B. A. (2012) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs326 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Nucleotide excision repair gene polymorphisms, meat intake and colon cancer risk
Steck, S. E., Butler, L. M., Keku, T. O., Antwi, S. O., Galanko, J. A., Sandler, R. S., & Hu, J. J. (2014) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.02.004 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wang, S., Chanock, S. J., Tang, D. L., Li, Z., Edwards, S., Jedrychowski, W. A., & Perera, F. P. (2009) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00550.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Zhong, Y., Wang, J., Carmella, S. G., Hochalter, J. B., Rauch, D., Oliver, A., Jensen, J., Hatsukami, D. K., Upadhyaya, P., Zimmerman, C. L., et al. (2011) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.111.181719 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Fu, Z., Shrubsole, M. J., Li, G., Smalley, W. E., Hein, D. W., Cai, Q., Ness, R. M., & Zheng, W. (2013) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs410 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Merlo, D. F., Bolognesi, C., Peluso, M. E. M., Valerio, F., Abbondandolo, A., & Puntoni, R. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Williams, S. D., Ladd, D. E., & Farmer, J. (2006) · Scientific investigations report · doi:10.3133/sir20055104 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Al-Daghri, N. M., Alokail, M. S., Abd-Alrahman, S. H., & Draz, H. M. (2014) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3108-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Identification of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.
Takahashi, G., Kinoshita, K., Hashimoto, K., & Yasuhira, K. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
(2003) · Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.5012/bkcs.2003.24.5.559 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Beach, J. B., Pellizzari, E. D., Keever, J. T., & Ellis, L. (2000) · Journal of Analytical Toxicology · doi:10.1093/jat/24.8.670 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lee, J., Bae, J.-H., Jun-Gill, K., & Kim, Y.-D. (2003) · Journal of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.5012/jkcs.2003.47.6.559 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gitipour, S., Firouzbakht, S., Mirzaee, E., & Alimohammadi, M. (2014) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-014-3637-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 42 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [7]ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Atlanta, GA, USA 1995 271 38091452
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The impact of airborne pollution on skin
Araviiskaia, E., Berardesca, E., Bieber, T., Gontijo, G., Sanchez Viera, M., Marrot, L., Chuberre, B., & Dreno, B. (2019) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.15583 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Goudarzi, G., Alavi, N., Geravandi, S., Idani, ., Behrooz, H. R. A., Babaei, A. A., Alamdari, F. A., Dobaradaran, S., Farhadi, M., & Mohammadi, M. J. (2018) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-018-1510-x · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Leung, M. H. Y., Tong, X., Bastien, P., Guinot, F., Tenenhaus, A., Appenzeller, B. M. R., Betts, R. J., Mezzache, S., Li, J., Bourokba, N., et al. (2020) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-020-00874-1 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human biological samples: A critical review
Santos, P. M., Sánchez, M. D. N., Pavón, J. L. P., & Cordero, B. M. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.010 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Idani, ., Geravandi, S., Akhzari, M., Goudarzi, G., Alavi, N., Yari, A. R., Mehrpour, M., Khavasi, M., Bahmaei, J., Bostan, H., et al. (2018) · Toxin Reviews · doi:10.1080/15569543.2018.1513034 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Santos, P. M., Sánchez, M. D. N., Pavón, J. L. P., Cordero, B. M., & Fernández, R. V. (2018) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.030 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Pilot Metabolome-Wide Association Study of Benzo(a)pyrene in Serum From Military Personnel
Walker, D. I., Pennell, K. D., Uppal, K., Xia, X., Hopke, P. K., Utell, M. J., Phipps, R. P., Sime, P. J., Rohrbeck, P., Mallon, T. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000772 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Freire, M. M., de Amorim, L. M. D. F., Buch, A. C., Gonçalves, A. D., Sella, S. M., Cassella, R. J., Moreira, J. C., & Silva-Filho, E. V. (2019) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108959 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Hyötyläinen, T. (2021) · Journal of Separation Science · doi:10.1002/jssc.202001263 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Doan, T. Q., Connolly, L., Igout, A., Nott, K., Müller, M., & Scippo, M.-L. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127332 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mlyczyńska, E., Bongrani, A., Ramé, C., Węgiel, M., Maślanka, A., Major, P., Zarzycki, P., Ducluzeau, P., Luca, A. D., Bourbao-Tournois, C., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24021455 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ahamed, M., Akhtar, M. J., Khan, M. A. M., & Alhadlaq, H. A. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-12128-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sychrová, E., Yawer, A., Labohá, P., Basu, A., Dydowiczová, A., Virmani, I., Babica, P., & Sovadinová, I. (2022) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2022.103869 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Shin, H. (2022) · Biomedical Chromatography · doi:10.1002/bmc.5360 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Çipa, M., Gómez-Regalado, M. D. C., Navalón, A., Marku, E., & Zafra‐Gómez, A. (2022) · Atmospheric Pollution Research · doi:10.1016/j.apr.2022.101589 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Guo, X., Shi, Y., Gu, J. L., Chen, F., Haiyan, X., He, Z., & Yang, Q. (2021) · Biomedical Chromatography · doi:10.1002/bmc.5117 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lv, X., Tan, J., Feng, J., Li, Z., Gong, W., Zhang, D., Kuang, H., & Fan, R. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C · doi:10.1080/26896583.2022.2062199 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Issa, N. M., & El-Sherif, N. M. (2018) · Journal of Cell Biology and Histology · doi:10.15744/2638-082x.1.103 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ramesh, A., Prins, P., Perati, P. R., Rekhadevi, P. V., & Sampson, U. K. A. (2015) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-015-2600-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationSwiha, S., Pichon, V., Fournier, T., Gil, S., & Delaunay, N. (2024) · Comptes Rendus Chimie · doi:10.5802/crchim.286 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Utilization of a mouse/human chimeric model for long term metabolic testing of human skin
Quantin, P., Ghazi, K., Pereira, U., Smith, A., Degardin, L., Vigneron, P., Ficheux, H., Garlick, J. A., Rapetti, L., & Egles, C. (2019) · Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106663 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Barathon, F., Graindorge, P., Bescher, M., Gallais, I., Burel, A., Morel, I., Schroeder, H., Grova, N., Lagadic‐Gossmann, D., & Sergent, O. (2025) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2025.154184 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Reda, Y., Zong, C., Ikoma, A., Fergany, A., Ahmed, S., Naby, W. S. H. A. E., Ichihara, S., & Ichihara, G. (2025) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2025.111737 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lehner, A. F. (2023) · Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods · doi:10.1080/15376516.2023.2297836 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Guillouzouic, J., Chauvin, C., Genêt, V., Martarello, S., Burel, A., Sparfel, L., Podechard, N., Lagadic‐Gossmann, D., Lavau, C., & Ferrec, E. L. (2025) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127538 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Harris, K. L., Harris, K. J., Hamilton, M. D., Ogunkua, O., Archibong, A. E., Adunyah, S. E., & Ramesh, A. (2026) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102319 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationLiang, C., Yang, Z., Meng, X., Yin, L., Fawcett, J. P., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wang, J., & Gu, J. (2016) · Analytical Methods · doi:10.1039/c6ay00113k · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ramesh, A., Halpern, L. R., Southerland, J. H., Adunyah, S. E., & Gangula, P. R. (2023) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2023.02.006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationIkumawoyi, V. O., Awodele, O., Jegede, F. O., Ogunlusi, C. A., & Olayemi, S. O. (2018) · University of Lagos Journal of Basic Medical Sciences · doi:10.52968/23685841 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
日本に於ける大豆品種の生態学的研究 : 1.開花日数と結実日数による品種の分類とその地理的分布に就いて
福井, 重., & 荒井, 正. (1951)
Pathak, A., Kashyap, N., Chandra, T. L., Yadav, P., & Yadav, S. (2026) · Current World Environment · doi:10.12944/cwe.21.1.23
Yan, Q., Li, Y., Wang, S., Yang, X., Zhang, Z., Yuchi, Y., Wang, C., Zhao, G., & Xie, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2026.1703901
- Authors
- Ramesh, A., Kumar, A., Aramandla, M., & Nyanda, A.
- Affiliations
- Meharry Medical College (US)
- King Magnet High School, 613 17th Ave North, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Corresponding author
- Ramesh, Aramandla
- Nyanda, Alfred
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2014-12-25
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 322-334
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4306864
- OpenAlex
- W1993774660
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (G12MD007586-29, 5R01CA142845-04)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, human serum, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, PAH emission, environmental exposure, dietary intake, occupational exposure, racial differences, human biomonitoring, Tennessee
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Burden, Child, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Tennessee, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
