Protective effects of thymoquinone and diallyl sulphide against malathion-induced toxicity in rats
Abstract
Malathion is a potent organophosphate insecticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Our experimental objective was to investigate the beneficial effects of diallyl sulphide (DAS) and thymoquinone (TQ) against malathion-induced oxidative stress in rat cerebral, hepatic, and renal tissues. For 30 days, rats received corn oil alone (negative control) or malathion by intragastric gavage (200 mg/kg daily), either alone (positive control) or combined with oral DAS (200 mg/kg daily) or TQ (10 mg/kg daily) (treatment groups). Later, blood samples were collected via direct cardiac puncture and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Malathion administration was associated with significant increases (p < 0.05) in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and 8-OHdG (DNA damage biomarker), as well as significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the serum levels of total proteins, albumin, triglycerides, and AChE. Moreover, it significantly increased the tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide and reduced tissue glutathione concentration and activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). Treatment of malathion-intoxicated rats with DAS or TQ significantly minimized these biochemical and oxidative effects with more frequent reversal to normal ranges of serum biomarkers, tissue oxidative markers, and antioxidant enzymes in the TQ group. In conclusion, treatment with DAS or TQ ameliorated the biochemical and oxidative effects of malathion, probably through reducing the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals, as well as enhancing the antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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The anti-inflammatory activity of DAS is induced by diminishing the expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and ROS generation by suppressing CYP-2E1 hepatic enzyme.
“Notably, Abdel-Daim et al. [76] reported that the anti-inflammatory activity of DAS induced by diminishing the expression of the inflammatory cytokines (e.g., NF- κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and the ROS generation by suppressing CYP-2E1 hepatic enzyme.”
From Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [76]
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Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review
El-Saber Batiha, G., Magdy Beshbishy, A., G. Wasef, L., Elewa, Y. H. A., A. Al-Sagan, A., Abd El-Hack, M. E., Taha, A. E., M. Abd-Elhakim, Y., & Prasad Devkota, H. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030872 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
- Authors
- Abdel-Daim, M. M., Abushouk, A. I., Bungău, S. G., Bin-Jumah, M., El-kott, A. F., Shati, A. A., Aleya, L., & Alkahtani, S.
- Affiliations
- Ain Shams University (EG)
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (SA)
- Damanhour University (EG)
- King Khalid University (SA)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- King Saud University (SA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Published
- 2020-01-13
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 10228-10235
- ISSN
- 0944-1344 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-7499
- OpenAlex
- W2999796777
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 5.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
- King Khalid University (G.R.P. -248-40)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Nigella sativa pharmacological applications
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Keywords
- thymoquinone, malathion, organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatoprotective agents, nephroprotective agents, neuroprotective agents
- MeSH terms
- Allyl Compounds, Animals, Antioxidants, Glutathione, Malathion, Sulfides, Superoxide Dismutase, Benzoquinones, Rats, Wistar, Oxidative Stress, Rats
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