Cited by 105Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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How to simultaneously optimize muscle strength, power, functional capacity, and cardiovascular gains in the elderly: an update

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EL, Cadore, M, Izquierdo·2013·AGE

DOI 10.1007/s11357-012-9503-xPMC PMC3825007

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Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to review the scientific literature that investigated concurrent training adaptations in elderly populations, with the aim of identifying the optimal combination of both training program variables (i.e., strength and endurance) to avoid or minimize the interference effect in the elderly. Scielo, Science Citation Index, MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Concurrent training is the most effective strategy by which to improve neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory functions as well as functional capacity in the elderly. The volume and frequency of training appears to play a critical role in concurrent training-induced adaptations in elderly subjects. Furthermore, new evidence indicates that the intra-session exercise order may influence the magnitude of physiological adaptations. Despite the interference effect on strength gains that is caused by concurrent training, this type of training is advantageous in that the combination of strength and endurance training produces both neuromuscular and cardiovascular adaptations in the elderly. The interference phenomenon may be observed in elderly subjects when a moderate weekly volume of concurrent training (i.e., three times per week) is performed. However, even with the occurrence of this phenomenon, the performance of three concurrent training sessions per week appears to optimize the strength gains in relative brief periods of training (12 weeks). Moreover, performing strength prior to endurance exercise may optimize both neuromuscular and cardiovascular gains.

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Authors: EL, C., & M, I.
Venue: AGE
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-01-04
Volume: 35
Issue: 6
Pages: 2329-2344
ISSN: 0161-9152 (ISSN-L)
1574-4647
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9503-x
PMC: PMC3825007
OpenAlex: W1981472563
Cited by: 105
References: 88
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 1.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: AGE (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: concurrent training, older adults, resistance training, endurance training, interference effects, muscle strength, functional capacity, cardiovascular adaptation, neuromuscular adaptation, exercise order, training volume, exercise frequency, aging
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Aged, Aging, Humans, Physical Endurance, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training

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How to simultaneously optimize muscle strength, power, functional capacity, and cardiovascular gains in the elderly: an update

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