Comparison between deep learning models and traditional machine learning approaches for facial expression recognition in ageing adults

Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition

He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474 · see citing works

ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks

Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155 · see citing works

Deep learning

LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14539 · Cited by 84,126 · see citing works

Going deeper with convolutions

Szegedy, C., Liu, W., Jia, Y., Sermanet, P., Reed, S., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Vanhoucke, V., & Rabinovich, A. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298594 · Cited by 48,562 · see citing works

ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge

Russakovsky, O., Deng, J., Su, H., Krause, J., Satheesh, S., Ma, S., Huang, Z., Karpathy, A., Khosla, A., Bernstein, M., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y · Cited by 39,380 · see citing works

Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Vision

Szegedy, C., Vanhoucke, V., Ioffe, S., Shlens, J., & Wojna, Z. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.308 · Cited by 32,138 · see citing works

A survey on transfer learning

Pan, S. J., & Yang, Q. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2009.191 · Cited by 23,387 · see citing works

Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutions

Chollet, F. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.195 · Cited by 20,380 · see citing works

TensorFlow: A system for large-scale machine learningPreprint

Abadi, M., Barham, P., Chen, J., Chen, Z., Davis, A., Dean, J., Devin, M., Ghemawat, S., Irving, G., Isard, M., et al. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.5555/3026877.3026899 · Cited by 16,369 · see citing works

Robust Real-Time Face Detection

Viola, P., & Jones, M. J. (2004) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1023/b:visi.0000013087.49260.fb · Cited by 14,097 · see citing works

Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex

Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1968) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008455 · Cited by 6,520 · see citing works

Inception-v4, Inception-ResNet and the Impact of Residual Connections on Learning

Szegedy, C., Ioffe, S., Vanhoucke, V., & Alemi, A. (2017) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v31i1.11231 · Cited by 4,636 · see citing works

Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization

Zuiderveld, K. (1994) · Graphics Gems · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-336156-1.50061-6 · Cited by 4,192 · see citing works

A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions

Zeng, Z., Pantic, M., Roisman, G. I., & Huang, T. S. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2008.52 · Cited by 2,797 · see citing works

AffectNet: A Database for Facial Expression, Valence, and Arousal Computing in the Wild

Mollahosseini, A., Hasani, B., & Mahoor, M. H. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2017.2740923 · Cited by 2,338 · see citing works

Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study

Shan, C., Gong, S., & McOwan, P. W. (2009) · Image and Vision Computing · doi:10.1016/j.imavis.2008.08.005 · Cited by 2,300 · see citing works

Automatic facial expression analysis: a survey

Fasel, B., & Luettin, J. (2003) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/s0031-3203(02)00052-3 · Cited by 1,810 · see citing works

Automatic analysis of facial expressions: the state of the art

Pantie, M., & Rothkrantz, L. J. M. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.895976 · Cited by 1,778 · see citing works

Challenges in Representation Learning: A Report on Three Machine Learning Contests

Goodfellow, I. J., Erhan, D., Carrier, P. L., Courville, A., Mirza, M., Hamner, B., Cukierski, W., Tang, Y., Thaler, D., Lee, D.-H., et al. (2013) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-42051-1_16 · Cited by 1,719 · see citing works

FACES—A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: Development and validation

Ebner, N. C., Riediger, M., & Lindenberger, U. (2010) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.42.1.351 · Cited by 1,262 · see citing works

A lifespan database of adult facial stimuli

Minear, M. E., & Park, D. C. (2004) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03206543 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works

Deep Learning and Its Applications to Signal and Information Processing [Exploratory DSP

Yu, D., & Deng, L. (2010) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2010.939038 · Cited by 459 · see citing works

Do facial expressions signal specific emotions? Judging emotion from the face in context.

Carroll, J. M., & Russell, J. A. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.205 · Cited by 439 · see citing works

Do facial expressions signal specific emotions? Judging emotion from the face in context.

Carroll, J. M., & Russell, J. A. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.70.2.205 · Cited by 422 · see citing works

Combining modality specific deep neural networks for emotion recognition in video

Kahou, S. E., Pal, C., Bouthillier, X., Froumenty, P., Gülçehre, Ç., Memisevic, R., Vincent, P., Courville, A., Bengio, Y., Ferrari, R. C., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction · doi:10.1145/2522848.2531745 · Cited by 391 · see citing works

Facial expression recognition using radial encoding of local Gabor features and classifier synthesis

Gu, W., Xiang, C., Venkatesh, Y. V., Huang, D., & Lin, H. T. (2011) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2011.05.006 · Cited by 311 · see citing works

Combining Multiple Kernel Methods on Riemannian Manifold for Emotion Recognition in the Wild

Liu, M., Wang, R., Li, S., Shan, S., Huang, Z., & Chen, X. (2014) · Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction · doi:10.1145/2663204.2666274 · Cited by 202 · see citing works

Deep Learning Approaches for Facial Emotion Recognition: A Case Study on FER-2013

Giannopoulos, P. G., Perikos, I., & Hatzilygeroudis, I. (2017) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66790-4_1 · Cited by 194 · see citing works

Active shape models with SIFT descriptors and MARS

Milborrow, S., & Nicolls, F. (2015) · International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications · doi:10.5220/0004680003800387 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

Natural facial expression recognition using differential-AAM and manifold learning

Cheon, Y., & Kim, D. (2008) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2008.10.010 · Cited by 131 · see citing works

Affect, personality, and facial expressive characteristics of older people.

Malatesta, C. Z., Fiore, M. J., & Messina, J. J. (1987) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.2.1.64 · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Affect, personality, and facial expressive characteristics of older people.

Malatesta, C. Z., Fiore, M. J., & Messina, J. J. (1987) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.2.1.64 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Age Estimation and Face Verification Across Aging Using Landmarks

Wu, T., Turaga, P. K., & Chellappa, R. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2012.2213812 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Type A behavior pattern and emotion expression in younger and older adults.

Malatesta-Magai, C., Jonas, R., Shepard, B., & Culver, L. C. (1992) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.551 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Facial Expression Recognition Using Generative Adversarial Networks

Wang, X., Wang, X., & Ni, Y. (2018) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2018/7208794 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

A deep-learning approach to facial expression recognition with candid images

Li, W., Li, M., Su, Z., & Zhu, Z. (2015) · Machine Vision Applications · doi:10.1109/mva.2015.7153185 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Facial Expression Recognition Influenced by Human Aging

Guo, G., Guo, R., & Li, X. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/t-affc.2013.13 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Facial expression recognition in ageing adults: from lab to ambient assisted living

Lozano-Monasor, E., López, M. T., Vigo-Bustos, F., & Fernández‐Caballero, A. (2017) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-017-0464-x · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Facial expression recognition based on discriminative scale invariant feature transform

Soyel, H., & Demirel, H. (2010) · Electronics Letters · doi:10.1049/el.2010.0092 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Facial Expression Analysis using Active Shape Model

Shbib, R., & Zhou, S. (2015) · International Journal of Signal Processing Image Processing and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.14257/ijsip.2015.8.1.02 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Objectness to improve the bag of visual words model

Ionescu, R. T., & Popescu, M. (2014) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.2014.7025655 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Facial expression recognition through modeling age-related spatial patterns

Wang, S., Wu, S., Gao, Z., & Ji, Q. (2015) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-015-3107-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

A recursive framework for expression recognition: from web images to deep models to game dataset

Li, W., Tsangouri, C., Abtahi, F., & Zhu, Z. (2018) · Machine Vision and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00138-017-0904-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Facial Expression Recognition in Ageing Adults: A Comparative Study

Caroppo, A., Leone, A., & Siciliano, P. A. (2019) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05921-7_29 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

A Review on Deep-Learning-Based Cyberbullying Detection

Hasan, M. T., Hossain, M. A. E., Mukta, M. S. H., Akter, A., Ahmed, M., & Islam, S. (2023) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi15050179 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Evaluating CNN Model Accuracy and FPGA Resource Utilization in Quadrant-Based Facial Emotion Recognition

Richards, L., & Oun, A. (2026) · 2026 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Secure IoT, Assured and Trusted Computing (SATC) · doi:10.1109/satc69565.2026.11542421

Generalizing Generalizability in Information Systems Research

Lee, A. S., & Baskerville, R. (2003) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.14.3.221.16560 · Cited by 1,546 · see citing works

Applying Generalizability Theory using EduG

Cardinet, J., Johnson, S., & Pini, G. (2011) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203866948 · Cited by 187 · see citing works

Using Generalizability Theory for the Estimation of Reliability of a Patient Classification System

McDaniel, A. M. (1994) · Journal of Nursing Measurement · doi:10.1891/1061-3749.2.1.49 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Reliability of observers' subjective impressions of families: A generalizability theory approach

Storå, B., Hagtvet, K. A., & Heyerdahl, S. (2012) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2012.733830 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

External Validity, Generalizability, and Knowledge Utilization

Ferguson, L. (2004) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2004.04006.x · Cited by 250 · see citing works