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Carotenoids as natural functional pigments
Open accessAbstract
Carotenoids are tetraterpene pigments that are distributed in photosynthetic bacteria, some species of archaea and fungi, algae, plants, and animals. About 850 naturally occurring carotenoids had been reported up until 2018. Photosynthetic bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants can synthesize carotenoids de novo. Carotenoids are essential pigments in photosynthetic organs along with chlorophylls. Carotenoids also act as photo-protectors, antioxidants, color attractants, and precursors of plant hormones in non-photosynthetic organs of plants. Animals cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo, and so those found in animals are either directly accumulated from food or partly modified through metabolic reactions. So, animal carotenoids show structural diversity. Carotenoids in animals play important roles such precursors of vitamin A, photo-protectors, antioxidants, enhancers of immunity, and contributors to reproduction. In the present review, I describe the structural diversity, function, biosyntheses, and metabolism of natural carotenoids.
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(2004) · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7836-4 · Cited by 652
Maoka, T. (2011) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md9020278 · Cited by 413
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Cited by
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Mrowicka, M., Mrowicki, J., Kucharska, E., & Majsterek, I. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14040827 · Cited by 299
Lutein Supplementation for Eye Diseases
Li, L. H., Lee, J. C.-Y., Leung, H. H., Lam, W. C., Fu, Z., & Lo, A. C. Y. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061721 · Cited by 152
Tetraedron minimum, First Reported Member of Hydrodictyaceae to Accumulate Secondary Carotenoids
Doppler, P., Kornpointner, C., Halbwirth, H., Remias, D., & Spadiut, O. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11020107 · Cited by 17
do Nascimento, T. C., Pinheiro, P. N., Deprá, M. C., Sartori, R. B., Roca, M., Jacob-Lopes, E., & Zepka, L. Q. (2025) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2025.104185 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Maoka, T.
- Venue
- Journal of Natural Medicines
- Published
- 2019-10-01
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-16
- ISSN
- 1340-3443 (ISSN-L)
- 1861-0293
- OpenAlex
- W2979411921
- Cited by
- 1,273
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 42.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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