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Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Abstract In the current context of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), health professionals are working with social scientists to inform government policy on how to slow the spread of the virus. An increasing amount of social scientific research has looked at the role of public message framing, for instance, but few studies have thus far examined the role of individual differences in emotional and personality-based variables in predicting virus-mitigating behaviors. In this study, we recruited a large international community sample ( N = 324) to complete measures of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, fear of the virus, moral foundations, political orientation, and behavior change in response to the pandemic. Consistently, the only predictor of positive behavior change (e.g., social distancing, improved hand hygiene) was fear of COVID-19, with no effect of politically relevant variables. We discuss these data in relation to the potentially functional nature of fear in global health crises.
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“Indeed, Bigot et al. (2021) [64] and Harper et al. (2020) [65] have shown that negative emotions encourage people to respect barrier gestures.”
From At the Peak of the Second Wave of COVID-19, Did Millennials Show Different Emotional Responses from Older Adults? (2022) · cites this paper as [65]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Nottingham Trent University (GB)
- University of Winchester (GB)
- University of Derby (GB)
- Georgia State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harper, Craig A.
- Venue
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
- Published
- 2020-04-27
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1875-1888
- ISSN
- 1557-1874 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1882
- PMC
- PMC7185265
- OpenAlex
- W3017894014
- Cited by
- 1,564
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 141 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 413 · 2021: 470 · 2020: 217
- FWCI
- 395.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Derby Online Research Archive. (University of Derby) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Nottingham Trent University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › COVID-19 Prevention and Impact
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, fear, public health compliance, health behavior change, social distancing, hand hygiene, moral foundations, political orientation, risk perception, individual differences, pandemic response
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