Ground-glass opacity (GGO): a review of the differential diagnosis in the era of COVID-19
Open accessAbstract
Thoracic imaging is fundamental in the diagnostic route of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) especially in patients admitted to hospitals. In particular, chest computed tomography (CT) has a key role in identifying the typical features of the infection. Ground-glass opacities (GGO) are one of the main CT findings, but their presence is not specific for this viral pneumonia. In fact, GGO is a radiological sign of different pathologies with both acute and subacute/chronic clinical manifestations. In the evaluation of a subject with focal or diffuse GGO, the radiologist has to know the patient's medical history to obtain a valid diagnostic hypothesis. The authors describe the various CT appearance of GGO, related to the onset of symptoms, focusing also on the ancillary signs that can help radiologist to obtain a correct and prompt diagnosis.
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The COVID-19 pandemic increased the number of COVID-19-related studies from Japan, with a significant increase in such research focusing on AI.
“Furthermore, owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the number of COVID-19-related studies from Japan has increased [54–61], with a significant increase in such research focusing on AI [62–64].”
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Fairness of artificial intelligence in healthcare: review and recommendations
Ueda, D., Kakinuma, T., Fujita, S., Kamagata, K., Fushimi, Y., Ito, R., Matsui, Y., Nozaki, T., Nakaura, T., Fujima, N., et al. (2024) · Japanese Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1007/s11604-023-01474-3 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cozzi, D., Cavigli, E., Moroni, C., Smorchkova, O., Zantonelli, G., Pradella, S., & Miele, V.
- Affiliations
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Cozzi, Diletta
- ORCID
- Venue
- Japanese Journal of Radiology
- Published
- 2021-04-26
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 721-732
- ISSN
- 1867-1071 (ISSN-L)
- 1867-108X
- PMC
- PMC8071755
- OpenAlex
- W3158352196
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Japanese Journal of Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Keywords
- ground-glass opacities, COVID-19 pandemic, differential diagnosis, chest CT, viral pneumonia, computed tomography findings
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Lung, Retrospective Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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