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Instruments Measuring Spirituality in Clinical Research: A Systematic Review

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Monod, Stéfanie, Brennan, Mark, Rochat, Etienne, Martin, Estelle, Rochat, Stéphane, Büla, Christophe J.·2011·Journal of General Internal Medicine
DOI 10.1007/s11606-011-1769-7PMC PMC3208480
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Abstract

Introduction Numerous instruments have been developed to assess spirituality and measure its association with health outcomes. This study's aims were to identify instruments used in clinical research that measure spirituality; to propose a classification of these instruments; and to identify those instruments that could provide information on the need for spiritual intervention.Methods A systematic literature search in MEDLINE, CINHAL, PsycINFO, ATLA, and EMBASE databases, using the terms "spirituality" and "adult$," and limited to journal articles was performed to identify clinical studies that used a spiritual assessment instrument. For each instrument identified, measured constructs, intended goals, and data on psychometric properties were retrieved. A conceptual and a functional classification of instruments were developed.Results Thirty-five instruments were retrieved and classified into measures of general spirituality (N = 22), spiritual well-being (N = 5), spiritual coping (N = 4), and spiritual needs (N = 4) according to the conceptual classification. Instruments most frequently used in clinical research were the FACIT-Sp and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Data on psychometric properties were mostly limited to content validity and inter-item reliability. According to the functional classification, 16 instruments were identified that included at least one item measuring a current spiritual state, but only three of those appeared suitable to address the need for spiritual intervention.Conclusions Instruments identified in this systematic review assess multiple dimensions of spirituality, and the proposed classifications should help clinical researchers interested in investigating the complex relationship between spirituality and health. Findings underscore the scarcity of instruments specifically designed to measure a patient's current spiritual state. Moreover, the relatively limited data available on psychometric properties of these instruments highlight the need for additional research to determine whether they are suitable in identifying the need for spiritual interventions.

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  1. Veach TL, Chappel JN. Measuring spiritual health: a preliminary study. Substance Abuse 1992;13(3):139–147.
  2. Hungelmann J, Kenkel-Rossi E, Klassen L, Stollenwerk R. Development of the JAREL spiritual well-being scale. In: Carrol-Johnson RM, editor. Classification of Nursing Diagnosis:proceedings of the eight conference, North American Diagnosis Association. Philadeplphia: JB Lippincott, 1989:393–398

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Metadata

Authors
Monod, S., Brennan, M., Rochat, E., Martin, E., Rochat, S., & Büla, C. J.
Affiliations
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
  • University of Lausanne (CH)
Corresponding author
Monod, Stéfanie
ORCID
Venue
Journal of General Internal Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2011-07-02
Volume
26
Issue
11
Pages
1345-1357
ISSN
  • 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-1497
DOI
10.1007/s11606-011-1769-7
PMC
PMC3208480
OpenAlex
W2067310507
Semantic Scholar
db07f123e2344a5e54c093d1e101374fd352e01c
Cited by
338
References
88
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
FWCI
2.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Keywords
spirituality measurement, spiritual well-being, spiritual coping, spiritual needs, psychometric properties, FACIT-Sp, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, spiritual intervention, instrument classification, spirituality and health
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Religion, Stress, Psychological, Spirituality, Biomedical Research

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