The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Handbook of Religion and Health
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Religion improves health and facilitates coping.
“Against dysfunctional theories, numerous studies have found that religion improves health, facilitates coping, [42], [43] and improves social belonging [44].”
From Faith after an Earthquake: A Longitudinal Study of Religion and Perceived Health before and after the 2011 Christchurch New Zealand Earthquake (2012) · cites this paper as [42]
Other concepts, such as those from Koenig et al. (2001) and Puchalski et al. (2014), also highlight 'meaning' as an important aspect of spirituality.
“Other concepts, such as those from Koenig et al. (2001) and Puchalski et al. (2014), also highlight “meaning” as an important aspect of spirituality.”
From Defining spirituality in healthcare: a systematic review and conceptual framework. (2021) · cites this paper as Koenig et al., 2001
Religion and spirituality are generally associated with better coping skills and positive health indicators, particularly with respect to mental health.
“Over the past few decades, numerous studies have reported that religion and spirituality are generally associated with better coping skills and positive health indicators, particularly with respect to mental health.1,2”
From A preliminary survey on the religious profile of Brazilian psychiatrists and their approach to patients' religiosity in clinical practice (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
Religion/spirituality has been associated with lower rates of suicide, depression, anxiety, and substance misuse, better recovery in cases of depression, and greater overall well-being.
“Religion/spirituality has been associated, for example, with lower rates of suicide, depression, anxiety, and substance misuse, better recovery in cases of depression and greater overall well-being.1–4”
From A preliminary survey on the religious profile of Brazilian psychiatrists and their approach to patients' religiosity in clinical practice (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.64 · Cited by 1,948
Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., Brady, M. J., Hernandez, L., & Cella, D. (2002) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2401_06 · Cited by 1,751
Research on Religion, Spirituality, and Mental Health: A Review
Koenig, H. G. (2009) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370905400502 · Cited by 1,442
Self-citationSmith, T. B., McCullough, M. E., & Poll, J. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.4.614 · Cited by 1,150
Self-citationThe Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A Five-Item Measure for Use in Epidemological Studies
Koenig, H. G., & Büssing, A. (2010) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel1010078 · Cited by 1,113
Self-citationPuchalski, C. M., Vitillo, R., Hull, S. K., & Reller, N. (2014) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2014.9427 · Cited by 1,108
Worthington, E. L., Wade, N. G., Hight, T. L., Ripley, J. S., McCullough, M. E., Berry, J. W., Schmitt, M. M., Berry, J. T., Bursley, K. H., & O’Connor, L. E. (2003) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.1.84 · Cited by 1,056
Self-citationPrati, G., & Pietrantoni, L. (2009) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325020902724271 · Cited by 978
Balboni, T. A., Vanderwerker, L. C., Block, S. D., Paulk, M. E., Lathan, C. S., Peteet, J. R., & Prigerson, H. G. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.07.9046 · Cited by 959
Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., Tarakeshwar, N., & Hahn, J. (2004) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105304045366 · Cited by 912
Self-citationReligiosity as Identity: Toward an Understanding of Religion From a Social Identity Perspective
Ysseldyk, R., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868309349693 · Cited by 866
Emmons, R. A., & Paloutzian, R. F. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145024 · Cited by 868
Concerns about measuring spirituality in research
Koenig, H. G. (2008) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31816ff796 · Cited by 730
Self-citationReligion and mental health: evidence for an association
Koenig, H. G., & Larson, D. B. (2001) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260124661 · Cited by 606
Self-citationTARGET ARTICLE: The Bitter and the Sweet: An Evaluation of the Costs and Benefits of Religiousness
Pargäment, K. I. (2002) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1303_02 · Cited by 606
CALLING: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALE MEASURE
Riza, S. D., & Tosti‐Kharas, J. (2011) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01234.x · Cited by 589
Adolescent risk behaviors and religion: Findings from a national study
Sinha, J. W., Cnaan, R. A., & Gelles, R. J. (2006) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.02.005 · Cited by 454
Rowe and Kahn's Model of Successful Aging Revisited
Crowther, M. R., Parker, M. W., Achenbaum, W. A., Larimore, W. L., & Koenig, H. G. (2002) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/42.5.613 · Cited by 487
Self-citationReligion in the Face of Uncertainty: An Uncertainty-Identity Theory Account of Religiousness
Hogg, M. A., Adelman, J. R., & Blagg, R. D. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868309349692 · Cited by 484
Religiousness/Spirituality and Health: A Meaning Systems Perspective
Park, C. L. (2007) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9111-x · Cited by 438
Religion, Spirituality, and Health in Medically Ill Hospitalized Older Patients
Koenig, H. G., George, L. K., & Titus, P. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52161.x · Cited by 435
Self-citationRelevancy and Measurement of Religiosity in Consumer Behavior Research
Mokhlis, S. (2009) · International Business Research · doi:10.5539/ibr.v2n3p75 · Cited by 426
Yonker, J. E., Schnabelrauch, C. A., & DeHaan, L. G. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.08.010 · Cited by 431
Gauch Jr, H. G. (2002) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511815034 · Cited by 385
The Benefits from Marriage and Religion in the United States: A Comparative Analysis
Waite, L. J., & Lehrer, E. L. (2003) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2003.00255.x · Cited by 374
Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence: Toward a Field of Inquiry
Benson, P., Roehlkepartain, E. C., & Rude, S. P. (2003) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1207/s1532480xads0703_12 · Cited by 371
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON DEATH ATTITUDES: AN OVERVIEW AND EVALUATION
Neimeyer, R. A., Wittkowski, J., & Moser, R. P. (2004) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180490432324 · Cited by 405
Dambrun, M., & Ricard, M. (2011) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023059 · Cited by 388
The Sacred and the Search for Significance: Religion as a Unique Process
Pargäment, K. I., Magyar‐Russell, G., & Murray‐Swank, N. A. (2005) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00426.x · Cited by 356
Spirituality and religion in patients with HIV/AIDS
Cotton, S., Puchalski, C. M., Sherman, S. N., Mrus, J. M., Peterman, A. H., Feinberg, J., Pargäment, K. I., Justice, A. C., Leonard, A. C., & Tsevat, J. (2006) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00642.x · Cited by 371
Wachholtz, A. B., & Pargament, K. I. (2005) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-005-9008-5 · Cited by 350
The Four Domains Model: Connecting Spirituality, Health and Well-Being
Fisher, J. W. (2011) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel2010017 · Cited by 355
Instruments Measuring Spirituality in Clinical Research: A Systematic Review
Monod, S., Brennan, M., Rochat, E., Martin, E., Rochat, S., & Büla, C. J. (2011) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1769-7 · Cited by 338
Religion, spirituality and depression in prospective studies: A systematic review
Braam, A. W., & Koenig, H. G. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.063 · Cited by 340
Self-citationSalsman, J. M., Brown, T. L., Brechting, E. H., & Carlson, C. R. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204271563 · Cited by 333
Bredle, J. M., Salsman, J. M., Debb, S. M., Arnold, B. J., & Cella, D. F. (2011) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel2010077 · Cited by 344
Measuring Spirituality as a Universal Human Experience: A Review of Spirituality Questionnaires
Meezenbroek, E. D. J., Garssen, B., van den Berg, M., van Dierendonck, D., Visser, A. P., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2010) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-010-9376-1 · Cited by 322
Right from Wrong: The Influence of Spirituality on Perceptions of Unethical Business Activities
Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1023/a:1024767511458 · Cited by 321
Spiritual Struggles and Psychological Distress: Is There a Dark Side of Religion?
Ellison, C. G., & Lee, J. (2009) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9553-3 · Cited by 319
Csako, G., McGriff, N. J., Rotman-Pikielny, P., Sarlis, N. J., & Pucino, F. (2001) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1a031 · Cited by 40
Self-citationTowards a Dynamic Definition of Health and Disease
Bircher, J. (2005) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-005-0538-y · Cited by 300
Laudet, A. B., Morgen, K., & White, W. (2006) · Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly · doi:10.1300/j020v24n01_04 · Cited by 326
Religiosity and Major Depression in Adults at High Risk: A Ten-Year Prospective Study
Miller, L., Wickramaratne, P., Gameroff, M. J., Sage, M., Tenke, C. E., & Weissman, M. M. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10121823 · Cited by 292
WPA Position Statement on Spirituality and Religion in Psychiatry
Moreira‐Almeida, A., Sharma, A., van Rensburg, B. J., Verhagen, P. J., & Cook, C. C. H. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20304 · Cited by 291
Discussing Spirituality With Patients: A Rational and Ethical Approach
McCord, G. (2004) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.71 · Cited by 289
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENT RELIGIOSITY/SPIRITUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH
Wong, Y. J., Rew, L., & Slaikeu, K. D. (2006) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840500436941 · Cited by 307
An online survey of nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care
McSherry, W., & Jamieson, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03547.x · Cited by 286
Religious coping among African Americans, Caribbean Blacks and Non‐Hispanic Whites
Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., Jackson, J. S., & Lincoln, K. D. (2008) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.20202 · Cited by 287
Daily Spiritual Experiences and Psychological Well-being Among US Adults
Ellison, C. G., & Fan, D. (2007) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9187-2 · Cited by 283
Gratitude Toward God, Stress, and Health in Late Life
Krause, N. (2006) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027505284048 · Cited by 284
Attendance at Religious Services and Mortality in a National Sample
Musick, M. A., House, J. S., & Williams, D. R. (2004) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/002214650404500206 · Cited by 278
The Spirituality Index of Well-Being: A New Instrument for Health-Related Quality-of-Life Research
Daaleman, T. P. (2004) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.89 · Cited by 272
Religion and Medicine II: Religion, Mental Health, and Related Behaviors
Koenig, H. G. (2001) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/bk1b-18tr-x1nn-36gg · Cited by 274
Self-citationHandbook of the Sociology of Religion
(2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511807961 · Cited by 286
The Unique Effects of Forgiveness on Health: An Exploration of Pathways
Lawler, K. A., Younger, J., Piferi, R. L., Jobe, R. L., Edmondson, K. A., & Jones, W. H. (2005) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-005-3665-2 · Cited by 277
Dynamics of calling: A longitudinal study of musicians
Riza, S. D. (2012) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.1808 · Cited by 281
Measuring Religiousness in Health Research: Review and Critique
Hall, D. E., Meador, K. G., & Koenig, H. G. (2008) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-008-9165-2 · Cited by 264
Self-citationA Viable Model and Self-Report Measure of Spiritual Intelligence
King, D. B., & DeCicco, T. L. (2009) · International Journal of Transpersonal Studies · doi:10.24972/ijts.2009.28.1.68 · Cited by 338
Religiosity, Social Self-Esteem, and Psychological Adjustment
Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., & Neberich, W. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611427045 · Cited by 258
Gearing, R. E., & Lizardi, D. (2008) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-008-9181-2 · Cited by 260
Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., Bullard, K. M., & Jackson, J. S. (2008) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870802334531 · Cited by 250
A 3‐factor model for the FACIT‐Sp
Canada, A. L., Murphy, P., Fitchett, G., Peterman, A., & Schover, L. (2008) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1307 · Cited by 264
Religious characteristics of U.S. physicians: A national survey
Curlin, F. A., Lantos, J. D., Roach, C. J., Sellergren, S. A., & Chin, M. H. (2005) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0119.x · Cited by 242
Empirically supported religious and spiritual therapies
Hook, J. N., Worthington, E. L., Davis, D. E., Jennings, D. J., Gartner, A. L., & Hook, J. P. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20626 · Cited by 258
Re‐examining definitions of spirituality in nursing research
Reinert, K. G., & Koenig, H. G. (2013) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12152 · Cited by 266
Self-citationPositive emotions as leading to religion and spirituality
Saroglou, V., Buxant, C., & Tilquin, J. (2008) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760801998737 · Cited by 264
Zuckerman, P. (2009) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2009.00247.x · Cited by 239
Jeste, D. V., Palmer, B. W., Rettew, D. C., & Boardman, S. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.14nr09599 · Cited by 256
Defining spirituality in healthcare: a systematic review and conceptual framework.
de Brito Sena, M. A., Damiano, R. F., Lucchetti, G., & Peres, M. F. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756080 · Cited by 238
Religion and Suicide Acceptability: A Cross-National Analysis
Stack, S. J., & Kposowa, A. J. (2011) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01568.x · Cited by 237
Larson, D. B., & Larson, S. S. (2003) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164710303100104 · Cited by 241
Self-citationMigraines and meditation: does spirituality matter?
Wachholtz, A. B., & Pargament, K. I. (2008) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9159-2 · Cited by 233
The measurement of religiosity and spirituality
King, J. E., & Crowther, M. R. (2004) · Journal of Organizational Change Management · doi:10.1108/09534810410511314 · Cited by 234
Are Spirituality and Religiosity Resources for Patients with Chronic Pain Conditions?
Büssing, A., Michalsen, A., Balzat, H.-J., Grünther, R.-A., Ostermann, T., Neugebauer, E. A. M., & Matthiessen, P. F. (2009) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00572.x · Cited by 227
Religion, spirituality and mental health: results from a national study of English households
King, M., Marston, L., McManus, S., Brugha, T. S., Meltzer, H., & Bebbington, P. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.112003 · Cited by 245
A LIFE‐COURSE PERSPECTIVE ON SPIRITUALITY AND DESISTANCE FROM CRIME*
GIORDANO, P. C., LONGMORE, M. A., SCHROEDER, R. D., & SEFFRIN, P. M. (2008) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00104.x · Cited by 223
Establishing linkages between religiosity and spirituality on employee performance
Osman-Gani, A., Hashim, J., & Ismail, Y. (2013) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-04-2012-0030 · Cited by 184
Validation of the Duke Religion Index: DUREL (Portuguese Version)
Lucchetti, G., Lucchetti, A. L. G., Peres, M. F. P., Leão, F. C., Moreira‐Almeida, A., & Koenig, H. G. (2010) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-010-9429-5 · Cited by 224
Self-citationSpirituality, religion and health: evidence and research directions
Williams, D. R., & Sternthal, M. J. (2007) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01040.x · Cited by 223
Religious Identities and Religious Institutions
Ammerman, N. T. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511807961.016 · Cited by 226
McCullough, M. E., Enders, C. K., Brion, S. L., & Jain, A. R. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.1.78 · Cited by 222
Self-citationExploring the Relationship between Spirituality, Coping, and Pain
Wachholtz, A. B., Pearce, M. J., & Koenig, H. (2007) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9114-7 · Cited by 219
Self-citationDevelopment and Application of a Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire Called SHALOM
Fisher, J. W. (2010) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel1010105 · Cited by 259
Faith versus practice: different bases for religiosity judgments by Jews and Protestants
Cohen, A. B., Siegel, J. I., & Rozin, P. N. (2002) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.148 · Cited by 210
Ai, A. L., Park, C. L., Huang, B., Rodgers, W., & Tice, T. N. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207301008 · Cited by 186
Lease, S. H., Horne, S. G., & Noffsinger-Frazier, N. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.378 · Cited by 209
The Intrinsic Spirituality Scale
Hodge, D. R. (2003) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1300/j079v30n01_03 · Cited by 211
Religious Service Attendance and Lower Depression Among Women—a Prospective Cohort Study
Li, S., Okereke, O. I., Chang, S., Kawachi, I. I., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9813-9 · Cited by 205
Contrada, R. J., Goyal, T. M., Cather, C., Rafalson, L., Idler, E. L., & Krause, T. J. (2004) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.3.227 · Cited by 205
Religion and the New Immigrants
Ebaugh, H. R. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511807961.017 · Cited by 205
True, G., Phipps, E., Braitman, L. E., Harralson, T. L., Harris, D., & Tester, W. J. (2005) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3002_10 · Cited by 202
Sibley, C. G., & Bulbulia, J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049648 · Cited by 194
Religiousness and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents
Pearce, M., Little, T. D., & Pérez, J. E. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3202_12 · Cited by 200
The Role of Religiosity in Stress, Job Attitudes, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Kutcher, E. J., Bragger, J. D., Rodriguez-Srednicki, O., & Masco, J. L. (2010) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0362-z · Cited by 194
Religious Attendance and Loneliness in Later Life
Rote, S. M., Hill, T. D., & Ellison, C. G. (2012) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gns063 · Cited by 197
Schwalm, F. D., Zandavalli, R. B., Filho, E. D. D. C., & Lucchetti, G. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320984537 · Cited by 225
Religiosity, happiness, health, and psychopathology in a probability sample of Muslim adolescents
Abdel‐Khalek, A. M. (2007) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674670601034547 · Cited by 191
Claims about religious involvement and health outcomes
Sloan, R. P., & Bagiella, E. (2002) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2401_03 · Cited by 191
Quality of life, subjective well-being, and religiosity in Muslim college students
Abdel‐Khalek, A. M. (2010) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-010-9676-7 · Cited by 190
Prayer, Attachment to God, and Changes in Psychological Well-Being in Later Life
Bradshaw, M., & Kent, B. V. (2018) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264316688116 · Cited by 114
Metadata
- Authors
- Koenig, H., McCullough, M., & Larson, D.
- Venue
- Oxford University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2001-01-11
- OpenAlex
- W4297688511
- Cited by
- 2,581
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 137 · 2019: 97 · 2018: 132 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 99 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 147 · 2012: 158
- FWCI
- 59.60
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Religion and Society Interactions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- religion and health, religion and medicine, spirituality, health psychology, religious coping
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
