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Cited by 157Additive Manufacturing Materials and ProcessesSurface Treatment and Residual StressCellular and Composite Structures

Post-Process Treatments for Additive-Manufactured Metallic Structures: A Comprehensive Review

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Ge, Jun, Pillay, Selvum, Ning, Haibin·2023·Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
DOI 10.1007/s11665-023-08051-9
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Abstract

This review summarizes the recent research progress on the post-processing techniques to improve the as-built metallic structure fabricated by additive manufacturing. The comprehensive comparison reveals that hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is the only one of few that can eliminate the internal porosity (< 0.01%) with high efficiency and availability. Traditional heat treatments (HTs) are still the best approach to improve or alter the microstructure for the overall bulk properties. Various surface post-processes are presented that are more flexible and cost-effective than common machining and polishing. Laser-based techniques are the most popular treatment for surface modification to induce compressive stress, remove the surface pores, reduce the surface roughness, or apply coatings for functionality. Other mechanical methods like shot peening (SP), laser shock peening (LSP), ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM), and abrasive-based treatments facilitate plastic deformation to impact surface beneficially for hardness, fatigue, or corrosion resistance. In addition, impact-type surface treatments (SP, LSP, and UNSM) are more effective on enhancing the mechanical properties due to greater energy imparted to the surface than abrasive-type treatments. Electrochemical polishing is capable to achieve the best surface smoothness ( $${R}_{a}$$ R a < 0.1 $$\mathrm{\mu m}$$ μ m ), while friction stir processing shows the best effectiveness on homogenize the structure without significant grain growth at nanoscale. Advanced but costly surface techniques are only suitable to satisfy specific requirement and application of high value metallic component. By optimizing the process parameters and adopting in situ tools, the as-built structure can be enhanced with minimized necessity for post-processing. Overall, a complete solution of post-treatment includes HIP, HTs, surface modification, and/or special process.

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200 of 252 shown

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ge, J., Pillay, S., & Ning, H.
Affiliations
University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
Corresponding author
Ning, Haibin
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-03-13
Volume
32
Issue
16
Pages
7073-7122
ISSN
  • 1059-9495 (ISSN-L)
  • 1544-1024
DOI
10.1007/s11665-023-08051-9
OpenAlex
W4360980744
Cited by
157
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 72 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 6
FWCI
15.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Surface Treatment and Residual Stress
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Cellular and Composite Structures
Keywords
post-processing, additive manufacturing, metal structures, hot isostatic pressing, porosity elimination, heat treatment, surface modification, laser surface treatment, shot peening, laser shock peening, ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification, electropolishing, friction stir processing, compressive stress, surface roughness, microstructure refinement, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance

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