The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus (ADAS-Cog-Plus): An expansion of the ADAS-Cog to improve responsiveness in MCI
Open accessAbstract
Background The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) is widely used in AD, but may be less responsive to change when used in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods Participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were administered a neuropsychological battery and 1.5 T MRI scans over 2-3 years. Informants were queried regarding functional impairments. Some participants had lumbar punctures to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We added executive functioning (EF) and functional ability (FA) items to the ADAS-Cog to generate candidate augmented measures. We calibrated these candidates using baseline data (n = 811) and selected the best candidate that added EF items alone and that added EF and FA items. We selected candidates based on their responsiveness over three years in a training sample of participants with MCI (n = 160). We compared traditional ADAS-Cog scores with the two candidates based on their responsiveness in a validation sample of participants with MCI (n = 234), ability to predict conversion to dementia (n = 394), strength of association with baseline MRI (n = 394) and CSF biomarkers (n = 193).Results The selected EF candidate added category fluency (ADAS Plus EF), and the selected EF and FA candidate added category fluency, Digit Symbol, Trail Making, and five items from the Functional Assessment Questionnaire (ADAS Plus EF&FA). The ADAS Plus EF& FA performed as well as or better than traditional ADAS-Cog scores.Conclusion Adding EF and FA items to the ADAS-Cog may improve responsiveness among people with MCI without impairing validity.
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An epidemiologic study showed that metformin is related to lower AD risk among persons with T2D.
“an epidemiologic study that showed that metformin is related to lower AD risk among persons with T2D [89].”
From Metformin in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results of a Pilot Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial (2016) · cites this paper as [89]
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- Authors
- Initiative, F. T. A. D. N., Skinner, J., Carvalho, J. O., Potter, G. G., Thames, A., Zelinski, E., Crane, P. K., & Gibbons, L. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Duke University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Skinner, Jeannine
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain Imaging and Behavior
- Published
- 2012-05-22
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 489-501
- ISSN
- 1931-7557 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-7565
- PMC
- PMC3873823
- OpenAlex
- W2148000979
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Brain Imaging and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Journal of international women's studies (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (P50 AG05136, R13AG030995, T32AG000258, R01AG029672, R01AG010569, R01AG10569, P50AG005142, P30AG019610, P30AG013846, P50AG005136, U19AG010483)
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH019535, T32 MH-19535, K23MH087741)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- ADAS-Cog, mild cognitive impairment, executive function, functional capacity, cognitive assessment, responsiveness to change, conversion to dementia, semantic fluency, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Alzheimer Disease, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Reproducibility of Results, Cognitive Dysfunction
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