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The effectiveness of celebrity endorsements: a meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Celebrities frequently endorse products, brands, political candidates, or health campaigns. We investigated the effectiveness of such endorsements by meta-analyzing 46 studies published until April 2016 involving 10,357 participants. Applying multilevel meta-analysis, we analyzed celebrity endorsements in the context of for-profit and non-profit marketing. Findings revealed strong positive and negative effects when theoretically relevant moderators were included in the analysis. The most positive attitudinal effect appeared for male actors who match well with an implicitly endorsed object (d = .90). The most negative effect was found for female models not matching well with an explicitly endorsed object (d = −.96). Furthermore, celebrity endorsements performed worse compared to endorsements of quality seals, awards, or endorser brands. No publication bias was detected. The study has theoretical and practical implications, and provides an agenda for future research.
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“The influence of celebrities on attitudes, beliefs, and behavior is so strong that their endorsements are a key part of businesses’ marketing strategies (Erdogan, 1999; Knoll & Matthes, 2017).”
From Stories in Action. (2022) · cites this paper as Knoll & Matthes, 2017
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Metadata
- Authors
- Knoll, J., & Matthes, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Matthes, Jörg
- ORCID
- Matthes, Jörg
- Venue
- Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
- Published
- 2016-10-12
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-75
- ISSN
- 0092-0703 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7824
- OpenAlex
- W2531871136
- Cited by
- 601
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 17
- FWCI
- 7.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Phaidra (Universität Wien) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Vienna
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- celebrity endorsement, endorsement effectiveness, quality seals, awards
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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