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The effect of resistance training on muscle strength and physical function in older, postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Introduction Older breast cancer survivors (BCS) report more falls and functional limitations than women with no cancer history. Exercise training could reduce risk factors for future falls and disability.Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled trial in 106 early-stage, postmenopausal BCS who were ≥50 years old at diagnosis and post-treatment. Women were randomly assigned to a 1-year resistance + impact exercise program or a stretching placebo program. Endpoints were one repetition maximum bench press and leg press strength, timed five chair stands, 4 m usual walk speed, timed stance tests, handgrip strength, self-report physical function, and fatigue. We also examined the influence of age, adjuvant hormone therapy use, and exercise adherence on study outcomes.Results Women in the resistance + impact training program significantly improved maximal leg (p <0 .02) and bench (p <0 .02) press strength compared to the stretching group. Women who attended 50% or more of prescribed resistance training sessions had significantly better changes in maximal strength measures compared to less adherent women.Conclusions Resistance + impact exercise is superior to stretching at improving maximal muscle strength and exercise adherence contributes to the degree of improvement.Implications for cancer survivors Older BCS can safely engage in resistance exercise that improves lower and upper body strength, thereby reducing a risk factor for falls and future disability. However, the ability of resistance training to shift other indices of fall and disability risk, i.e., balance and function, is unclear. Strategies to promote adherence to resistance training could lead to greater improvements in strength.
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“Breast cancer was the most investigated cancer type (n = 6) [25–30, 32], followed by prostate cancer (n = 2) [28, 31], and one trial included diverse types of cancer [24].”
From Effects of Supervised Multimodal Exercise Interventions on Cancer-Related Fatigue: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2015) · cites this paper as [31]
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“Regarding cancer treatment stage, most studies were performed during current treatment [24, 25, 28–31]; the most common treatment was chemotherapy (n = 522).”
From Effects of Supervised Multimodal Exercise Interventions on Cancer-Related Fatigue: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2015) · cites this paper as [31]
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BackgroundWeight Lifting for Women at Risk for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Schmitz, K. H., Ahmed, R. L., Troxel, A. B., Cheville, A. L., Grant, L. L., Smith, R. G., Bryan, C. J., & Williams-Smith, C. T. (2017) · Cited by 22
Fatigue in long-term cancer survivors.
Schwartz, A. L. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Self-citation(2011) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.082719 · Cited by 6 · cited 2×
“professionals, could be available for BCS [67].”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Hintze J. PASS 6.0 Power Analysis and Sample Size for Windows. Keysville: NCSS; 1996.
- American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s guildelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bower, J. E., Bak, K., Berger, A., Breitbart, W., Escalante, C. P., Ganz, P. A., Schnipper, H. H., Lacchetti, C., Ligibel, J. A., Lyman, G. H., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2013.53.4495 · Cited by 671
Buffart, L. M., Kalter, J., Sweegers, M. G., Courneya, K. S., Newton, R. U., Aaronson, N. K., Jacobsen, P. B., May, A. M., Galvão, D. A., Chinapaw, M. J., et al. (2017) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.010 · Cited by 595
Self-citationDieli-Conwright, C. M., Courneya, K. S., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Sami, N., Lee, K., Buchanan, T. A., Spicer, D. V., Tripathy, D., Bernstein, L., & Mortimer, J. E. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2017.75.7526 · Cited by 366
“2) BMI category Overweight, BMI , 30 54 (54) 26 (52) 27 (54) Obese, BMI $ 30 46 (46) 24 (48) 23 (46) Race/ethnicity Non-Hispanic white 26 (26) 11 (21) 15 (31) Hispanic white 55 (55) 28 (56) 27 (53) African American 4 (4) 3 (6) 1 (2) Asian/Pacific Islander 15 (15) 8 (17) 7 (14) Education High school degree 66 (66) 30 (…”
Meneses-Echavez, J. F., González‐Jiménez, E., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2015) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1069-4 · Cited by 352
“2012 [46] RCT Breast cancer (stagesI-IIIA) Characteristics of cancer treatment = Chemotherapy – Radiotherapy Exp = Resistance training SCFS, 1-RM, PPB, Hand grip dynamometry”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSweegers, M. G., Altenburg, T. M., Chinapaw, M. J., Kalter, J., Verdonck-de Leeuw, I. M., Courneya, K. S., Newton, R. U., Aaronson, N. K., Jacobsen, P. B., Brug, J., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097891 · Cited by 288
Metadata
- Authors
- Winters-Stone, K. M., Dobek, J., Bennett, J. A., Nail, L. M., Leo, M. C., & Schwartz, A.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Idaho State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cancer Survivorship
- Published
- 2011-12-23
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 189-199
- ISSN
- 1932-2259 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-2267
- PMC
- PMC3488606
- OpenAlex
- W2045462605
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Cancer Survivorship (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Susan G. Komen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000128)
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA120123)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024140)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- resistance training, impact exercise, breast cancer survivors, postmenopausal women, older adults, muscle strength, physical function, exercise adherence, fall risk, balance, grip strength, walking speed, fatigue, stretching, adjuvant endocrine therapy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Single-Blind Method, Postmenopause, Survivors, Hand Strength, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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