Exercise for improving bone health in women treated for stages I–III breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of exercise, either alone or in combination with other interventions, compared to a control, for the preservation of bone mineral density (BMD) in early breast cancer (BC) patients.Methods A systematic search was conducted to identify randomized or quasi-randomized trials which met inclusion criteria including prescribed exercise for ≥12 months. Ten publications from seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), involving 1199 participants, were identified. Data on primary and secondary outcome measures related to BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck and greater trochanter were analysed. Meta-analyses were limited to subgroups by menopausal status as other data could not be pooled.Results Based on mean differences or mean percentage differences between groups at 1 year, exercise did not preserve BMD or bone mineral content at any site in post-menopausal women. In contrast, evidence from one RCT (n = 498) found that exercise reduced bone loss in pre-menopausal women at the femoral neck [% MD = 1.20 (95% CI 0.22-2.18); P = 0.02] but not at the lumbar spine.Conclusions Although this review indicated that exercise may result in a clinically important preservation of bone health among pre-menopausal but not post-menopausal women, further studies are needed to confirm whether or not exercise is important in preservation of bone health in women diagnosed with early BC.Implications for cancer survivors Exercise alone may not be sufficient to prevent bone loss in post-menopausal women at high risk of osteoporosis. Further evidence is required to determine if it provides any benefit to pharmacological therapy.
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Unsupervised programs may be effective for improving physical function in older cancer survivors.
“Broadly, supervised exercise appears to be more effective than unsupervised or home-based interventions(32), although unsupervised programs may be effective in older cancer survivors(44).”
From Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
Moderate intensity aerobic training, resistance training, or combined aerobic plus resistance training three times weekly for 8-12 weeks significantly improves self-reported physical function in cancer survivors.
“Moderate intensity aerobic training, resistance training or combined aerobic plus resistance training performed three times weekly for 8–12 weeks can significantly improve self-reported physical function(31, 32, 44).”
From Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
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Bone Health in Breast Cancer Patients
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- Authors
- Fornusek, C. P., & Kilbreath, S. L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kilbreath, Sharon L.
- ORCID
- Kilbreath, Sharon L.
- Venue
- Journal of Cancer Survivorship
- Published
- 2017-06-21
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 525-541
- ISSN
- 1932-2259 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-2267
- OpenAlex
- W2670329889
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cancer Survivorship (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Bone health and treatments
- Keywords
- physical activity, bone mineral density, breast cancer, bone loss, osteoporosis, menopause, premenopausal women, postmenopausal women, cancer survivors, bone health, lumbar spine, hip
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Osteoporosis, Bone Density, Survivors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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