Management of type 1 diabetes in the hospital setting
Abstract
Purpose of review The purpose of this article was to review recent guideline recommendations on glycemic target, glucose monitoring, and therapeutic strategies, while providing practical recommendations for the management of medical and surgical patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) admitted to critical and non-critical care settings. Recent findings Studies evaluating safety and efficacy of insulin pump therapy, continuous glucose monitoring, electronic glucose management systems, and closed loop systems for the inpatient management of hyperglycemia are described. Due to the increased prevalence and life expectancy of patients with type 1 diabetes, a growing number of these patients require hospitalization every year. Inpatient diabetes management is complex and is best provided by a multidisciplinary diabetes team. In the absence of such resource, providers and health care staff must become familiar with the features of this condition to avoid complications such as severe hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, or glycemic variability. We reviewed most recent guidelines and relevant literature in the topic to provide practical recommendations for the inpatient management of patients with T1D.
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Correctional insulin alone is contraindicated for people with type 1 diabetes.
“For people with type 1 diabetes, correctional insulin alone is contraindicated because insulin dosing based solely on premeal glucose levels does not account for basal insulin requirements or caloric intake and increases the risk of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (83).”
From 16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [83]
Insulin dosing based solely on premeal glucose levels does not account for basal insulin requirements or caloric intake and increases the risk of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
“insulin dosing based solely on premeal glucose levels does not account for basal insulin requirements or caloric intake and increases the risk of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (83).”
From 16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [83]
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Self-citationManagement of Hyperglycemia in the Hospital Setting
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Holt, R. I. G., DeVries, J. H., Hess-Fischl, A., Hirsch, I. B., Kirkman, M. S., Klupa, T., Ludwig, B., Nørgaard, K., Pettus, J., Renard, E., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci21-0043 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s016 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mendez, C. E., & Umpierrez, G. E.
- Affiliations
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Umpierrez, Guillermo E.
- Venue
- Current Diabetes Reports
- Published
- 2017-09-14
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 98-98
- ISSN
- 1534-4827 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-0829
- OpenAlex
- W2755964467
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Diabetes Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, inpatient diabetes management, glycemic targets, glucose monitoring, insulin pump therapy, continuous glucose monitoring, artificial pancreas, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, glycemic variability, surgical patients, intensive care
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Hospitals, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Self Care, Critical Illness
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