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Sleep Regularity and Cardiometabolic Heath: Is Variability in Sleep Patterns a Risk Factor for Excess Adiposity and Glycemic Dysregulation?
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Purpose of review Night-to-night variability in sleep patterns leads to circadian disruption and, consequently, could increase cardiometabolic risk. The purpose of this review is to summarize findings from studies published between 2015 and 2020 examining various measures of night-to-night variability in sleep in relation to metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and their risk factors. We illustrate a potential causal pathway between irregular sleep patterns and T2D, highlighting knowledge gaps along the way.Recent findings Across different measures of sleep variability, irregular sleep patterns were associated with poorer cardiometabolic outcomes. Higher standard deviations (SD) across nights of sleep duration and onset or midpoint of sleep were associated with increased odds of having MetS and clusters of metabolic abnormalities as well as greater adiposity and poorer glycemic control. Conversely, greater regularity of rest-activity patterns related to lower risk for T2D. Social jetlag was associated with glycemic dysregulation, adiposity, T2D, and MetS. These associations are often observed in both metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals; both higher SD of sleep duration and social jetlag relate to poorer glucose regulation in individuals with diabetes. There is consistent evidence of associations of sleep variability with increased risk for adiposity, glucose dysregulation, T2D, and MetS. Although experimental evidence is needed to determine causation, there is support to recommend stabilizing sleep patterns for cardiometabolic risk prevention.
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“Sleep disorders are common in type 2 diabetes”
From Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
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“and cause disturbances in the quantity, quality, and timing of sleep”
From Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
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“and are associated with an increased risk of obesity and impairments in daytime functioning and glucose metabolism (114,115).”
From Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2022) · cites this paper as [114]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zuraikat, F. M., Makarem, N., Redline, S., Aggarwal, B., Jelic, S., & St-Onge, M.-P.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Current Diabetes Reports
- Published
- 2020-07-23
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 38-38
- ISSN
- 1534-4827 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-0829
- PMC
- PMC7584347
- OpenAlex
- W3045418496
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Diabetes Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R00HL148511, R35HL135818, R01HL128226, K99HL148511, R01HL137234, R56HL106041, R01HL142648, R01HL106041, T32HL007343)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep regularity, circadian rhythm disruption, cardiometabolic risk, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, adiposity, glycemic dysregulation, social jetlag, rest-activity rhythm, sleep duration variability
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Circadian Rhythm, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Risk Factors, Sleep, Adiposity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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