Implementation Research for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa: Existing Evidence, Current Gaps, and New Opportunities
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Tremendous gains have been made in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) in sub-Saharan Africa. Ambitious goals for the "virtual elimination" of pediatric HIV appear increasingly feasible, driven by new scientific advances, forward-thinking health policy, and substantial donor investment. To fulfill this promise, however, rapid and effective implementation of evidence-based practices must be brought to scale across a diversity of settings. The discipline of implementation research can facilitate this translation from policy into practice; however, to date, its core principles and frameworks have been inconsistently applied in the field. We reviewed the recent developments in implementation research across each of the four "prongs" of a comprehensive PMTCT approach. While significant progress continues to be made, a greater emphasis on context, fidelity, and scalability-in the design and dissemination of study results-would greatly enhance current efforts and provide the necessary foundation for future evidence-based programs.
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PMTCT care cascade failures drive pediatric HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa.
“Gaps in the implementation of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services drive pediatric HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [1-3].”
In practice, HIV transmission rates are several times higher than trial rates because of high drop-out rates of HIV-positive women along the PMTCT care cascade.
“the rates are several times higher in practice because of the high drop-out rates of HIV-positive women along the PMTCT care cascade [1-3,6-9].”
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- Authors
- Bhardwaj, S., Carter, B., Aarons, G. A., & Chi, B. H.
- Affiliations
- United Nations Children's Fund (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chi, Benjamin H.
- Venue
- Current HIV/AIDS Reports
- Published
- 2015-04-16
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 246-255
- ISSN
- 1548-3568 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-3576
- PMC
- PMC4430362
- OpenAlex
- W2169809284
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current HIV/AIDS Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD075131)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Keywords
- prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, implementation research, sub-Saharan Africa, pediatric HIV, fidelity, scalability, health policy implementation
- MeSH terms
- Female, Health Plan Implementation, Humans, Pregnancy, HIV Infections, Africa South of the Sahara, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
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