Cited by 428Statistical Methods in EpidemiologyStatistical Methods in Clinical TrialsMeta-analysis and systematic reviews

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Statistics in Brief: The Importance of Sample Size in the Planning and Interpretation of Medical Research

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Biau, David Jean, Kernéis, Solen, Porcher, Raphaël·2008·Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research

DOI 10.1007/s11999-008-0346-9PMC PMC2493004

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Abstract

The increasing volume of research by the medical community often leads to increasing numbers of contradictory findings and conclusions. Although the differences observed may represent true differences, the results also may differ because of sampling variability as all studies are performed on a limited number of specimens or patients. When planning a study reporting differences among groups of patients or describing some variable in a single group, sample size should be considered because it allows the researcher to control for the risk of reporting a false-negative finding (Type II error) or to estimate the precision his or her experiment will yield. Equally important, readers of medical journals should understand sample size because such understanding is essential to interpret the relevance of a finding with regard to their own patients. At the time of planning, the investigator must establish (1) a justifiable level of statistical significance, (2) the chances of detecting a difference of given magnitude between the groups compared, ie, the power, (3) this targeted difference (ie, effect size), and (4) the variability of the data (for quantitative data). We believe correct planning of experiments is an ethical issue of concern to the entire community.

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Authors: Biau, D. J., Kernéis, S., & Porcher, R.
Affiliations: Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author: Biau, David Jean
ORCID: Biau, David Jean
Kernéis, Solen
Porcher, Raphaël
Venue: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2008-06-20
Volume: 466
Issue: 9
Pages: 2282-2288
ISSN: 0009-921X (ISSN-L)
1528-1132
DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0346-9
PMC: PMC2493004
OpenAlex: W2061128187
Cited by: 428
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 4.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Keywords: sample size, statistical power, type II error, effect size, sampling variability, study design planning, statistical significance, research ethics
MeSH terms: Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Sample Size, Biomedical Research

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Statistics in Brief: The Importance of Sample Size in the Planning and Interpretation of Medical Research

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