Polydeoxyribonucleotide Activates Mitochondrial Biogenesis but Reduces MMP-1 Activity and Melanin Biosynthesis in Cultured Skin Cells
Abstract
The regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, melanogenesis, and connective tissue proteins is critical for homeostasis and aging skin cells. We examined the biological effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on mitochondrial biogenesis, melanogenesis, and connective tissue proteins in vitro. In a radical scavenging assay, PDRN showed antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner, and those activities can suppress cellular oxidative stress in skin cells. PDRN directly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity and cellular tyrosinase activity, thus significantly reducing the cellular melanin content in B16-F10 melanocytes. The mRNA and protein expressions of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which is a key melanogenic gene transcription factor, were significantly downregulated by PDRN. Accordingly, tyrosinase-related protein 1, dopachrome tautomerase, and tyrosinase, which gene expressions were regulated by MITF, were significantly downregulated by PDRN. Mitotracker-probed mitochondria image analysis suggested that PDRN enhanced mitochondrial density in both murine melanoma cells and in human skin fibroblast cells. In addition, PDRN strongly suppressed in vitro elastase enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene expression in human skin fibroblast cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that PDRN has multiple beneficial biological activities in skin cells: hypopigmentation, induction of mitochondrial…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PDRN activates the ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, thereby suppressing MITF.
“Mechanistically, PDRN activates the ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathways, thereby suppressing microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a master regulator of melanocyte function [102,103].”
From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [103]
Cites
Melanocyte biology and skin pigmentation
Lin, J. Y., & Fisher, D. E. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05660 · Cited by 1,379 · see citing works
Imokawa, G., & Ishida, K. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms16047753 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Colangelo, M. T., Galli, C., & Guizzardi, S. (2020) · Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.2217/rme-2019-0118 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Kim, H. M., Byun, K.-A., Oh, S., Yang, J. Y., Park, H. J., Chung, M. S., Son, K. H., & Byun, K. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27041276 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Kim, S. T. (2025) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17081024 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kim, Y.-J., Kim, M.-J., Kweon, D.-K., Lim, S.-T., & Lee, S.-J.
- Affiliations
- Korea University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Sung-Joon
- Venue
- Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Published
- 2019-12-07
- Volume
- 191
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 540-554
- ISSN
- 0273-2289 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-0291
- OpenAlex
- W2992499644
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (116159-02-2- WT011)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Keywords
- polydeoxyribonucleotide, mitochondrial biogenesis, melanogenesis, MMP-1, elastase inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, MITF, dermal fibroblasts, melanocytes, oxidative stress, antioxidant activity, skin aging, connective tissue proteins
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Organelle Biogenesis, Cell Line, Fibroblasts, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Melanins, Mitochondria, Oxidoreductases, Polydeoxyribonucleotides, RNA, Messenger, Skin, Down-Regulation, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1, Mice, Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
