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Neurological Complications Associated with the Blood-Brain Barrier Damage Induced by the Inflammatory Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection
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The main discussion above of the novel pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has focused substantially on the immediate risks and impact on the respiratory system; however, the effects induced to the central nervous system are currently unknown. Some authors have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection can dramatically affect brain function and exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases in patients, but the mechanisms have not been entirely described. In this review, we gather information from past and actual studies on coronaviruses that informed neurological dysfunction and brain damage. Then, we analyzed and described the possible mechanisms causative of brain injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We proposed that potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 neuro-invasion are determinant factors in the process. We considered that the hematogenous route of infection can directly affect the brain microvascular endothelium cells that integrate the blood-brain barrier and be fundamental in initiation of brain damage. Additionally, activation of the inflammatory response against the infection represents a critical step on injury induction of the brain tissue. Consequently, the virus' ability to infect brain cells and induce the inflammatory response can promote or increase the risk to acquire central nervous system diseases. Here, we contribute to the understanding of the neurological conditions found in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with the blood-brain barrier integrity.
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“Several studies implied that blood–brain barrier disruption is associated with encephalopathy, favoring the neuro-inflammation theory [150, 151].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [151]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Alquisiras-Burgos, I., Peralta-Arrieta, I., Alonso-Palomares, L. A., Zacapala-Gómez, A. E., Salmerón-Bárcenas, E. G., & Aguilera, P.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (MX)
- University of Chile (CL)
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (MX)
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (MX)
- Corresponding author
- Aguilera, Penélope
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Neurobiology
- Published
- 2020-09-25
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 520-535
- ISSN
- 0893-7648 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1182
- PMC
- PMC7518400
- OpenAlex
- W3088401556
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 164
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Universidad de Chile (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (SECTEI/138/2019)
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Secretaría de Estado de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SECTEI/138/2019)
- Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neurological complications, blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, neuroinvasion, brain injury, microvascular endothelial cells, central nervous system disorders, neurodegeneration, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Central Nervous System Diseases, Humans, Inflammation
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