Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. METHODS: We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. RESULTS: Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001017 · Cited by 28,244 · see citing works
Self-citationChan, J., Yuan, S.-F., Kok, K.-H., To, K., Chu, H., Yang, J., Xing, F., Liu, J.-L., Yip, C., Poon, R., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30154-9 · Cited by 8,450 · see citing works
SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses
de Wit, E., van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., & Munster, V. J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81 · Cited by 3,510 · see citing works
Coronavirus Infections—More Than Just the Common Cold
Paules, C. I., Marston, H. D., & Fauci, A. S. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0757 · Cited by 2,135 · see citing works
Transmission Dynamics and Control of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Lipsitch, M., Cohen, T., Cooper, B. S., Robins, J. M., Ma, S., James, L., Gopalakrishna, G., Chew, S. K., Tan, C. C., Samore, M. H., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086616 · Cited by 1,467 · see citing works
A Novel Coronavirus Emerging in China — Key Questions for Impact Assessment
Munster, V. J., Koopmans, M., van Doremalen, N., van Riel, D. A. J., & de Wit, E. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp2000929 · Cited by 1,418 · see citing works
Another Decade, Another Coronavirus
Perlman, S. M. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme2001126 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Evidence for Camel-to-Human Transmission of MERS Coronavirus
Azhar, E. I., El-Kafrawy, S. A., Farraj, S. A., Hassan, A. M., Al-Saeed, M. S., Hashem, A. M., & Madani, T. A. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1401505 · Cited by 907 · see citing works
A Novel Coronavirus Genome Identified in a Cluster of Pneumonia Cases — Wuhan, China 2019−2020
Tan, W., Zhao, X., Ma, X., Wang, W., Niu, P., Xu, W., Gao, G. F., & Wu, G. (2020) · China CDC Weekly · doi:10.46234/ccdcw2020.017 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, P., Hao, X., Lau, E. H. Y., Wong, J. Y., Leung, K. S. M., Wu, J. T. K., Cowling, B. J., & Leung, G. M. (2020) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.3.2000044 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Self-citationMERS, SARS, and Ebola: The Role of Super-Spreaders in Infectious Disease
Wong, G., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Zhou, B., Bi, Y., & Gao, G. F. (2015) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.09.013 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Self-citationDynamically Modeling SARS and Other Newly Emerging Respiratory Illnesses
Bauch, C. T., Lloyd‐Smith, J. O., Coffee, M. P., & Galvani, A. P. (2005) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000181633.80269.4c · Cited by 233 · see citing works
An Outbreak of NCIP (2019-nCoV) Infection in China — Wuhan, Hubei Province, 2019−2020
Li, Q., & The 2019-nCoV Outbreak Joint Field Epidemiology Investigation Team (2020) · China CDC Weekly · doi:10.46234/ccdcw2020.022 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationKurth, F., Rönnefarth, M., Thibeault, C., Corman, V. M., Müller-Redetzky, H., Mittermaier, M., Ruwwe‐Glösenkamp, C., Heim, K. M., Krannich, A., Zvorc, S., et al. (2020) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-020-01464-x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Djilali, S., & Ghanbari, B. (2020) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109971 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Xiang, N., Havers, F. P., Chen, T., Song, Y., Tu, W., Li, L., Cao, Y., Liu, B., Zhou, L., Meng, L., et al. (2013) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1911.130865 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationHow to maintain surveillance for novel influenza A H1N1 when there are too many cases to count
Lipsitch, M., Hayden, F. G., Cowling, B. J., & Leung, G. M. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61377-5 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationCOVID-19: molecular diagnostics overview
Touma, M. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-020-01931-w · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Arantes, V. N., Martins, B. D. C., Seqatto, R., Milhomen-Cardoso, D. M., Franzini, T., Zuccaro, A. M., Alves, J. S., & Maluf‐Filho, F. (2020) · Endoscopy International Open · doi:10.1055/a-1183-3324 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Smith, B. A. (2020) · Infectious Disease Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.idm.2020.05.003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246 · see citing works
Self-citationZhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3 · Cited by 27,263 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585 · Cited by 20,148 · see citing works
Self-citationLa certeza de lo impredecible: Cultura Educación y Sociedad en tiempos de COVID19
Martínez González, M. (2020) · DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast) · Cited by 18,463 · see citing works
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729 · Cited by 9,923 · see citing works
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation
Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K. S., Goldsmith, J. A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Graham, B. S., & McLellan, J. S. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2507 · Cited by 8,897 · see citing works
Gorbalenya, A. E., Baker, S. C., Baric, R. S., de Groot, R. J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A. A., Haagmans, B. L., Lauber, C., Leontovich, A. M., Neuman, B. W., et al. (2020) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z · Cited by 8,436 · see citing works
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., et al. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 · Cited by 8,015 · see citing works
Self-citationWHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic.
Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397 · Cited by 7,644 · see citing works
Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., & Agha, R. (2020) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034 · Cited by 5,141 · see citing works
Lai, C.-C., Shih, T.-P., Ko, W.-C., Tang, H.-J., & Hsueh, P.-R. (2020) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924 · Cited by 6,068 · see citing works
The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak
Rothan, H. A., & Byrareddy, S. N. (2020) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433 · Cited by 5,840 · see citing works
Lauer, S. A., Grantz, K. H., Bi, Q., Jones, F. K., Zheng, Q., Meredith, H. R., Azman, A. S., Reich, N. G., & Lessler, J. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-0504 · Cited by 5,970 · see citing works
Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Hu, B., Guo, H., Zhou, P., & Shi, Z.-L. (2021) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7 · Cited by 5,291 · see citing works
Guo (2020) · doi:10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0 · Cited by 4,735 · see citing works
Wu, J. T., Leung, K., & Leung, G. M. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30260-9 · Cited by 4,389 · see citing works
Self-citationThe trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention
Tay, M. Z., Poh, C. M., Rénia, L., MacAry, P. A., & Ng, L. F. P. (2020) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8 · Cited by 4,360 · see citing works
Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19
Bai, Y., Yao, L., Wei, T., Tian, F., Jin, D., Chen, L., & Wang, M. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2565 · Cited by 4,496 · see citing works
Structure of Mpro from SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its inhibitors
Jin, Z., Du, X., Xu, Y., Deng, Y., Liu, M., Zhao, Y., Zhang, B., Li, X., Zhang, L., Peng, C., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2223-y · Cited by 4,432 · see citing works
Self-citationTemporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19
He, X., Lau, E. H. Y., Wu, P., Deng, X., Wang, J., Hao, X., Lau, Y. C., Wong, J. Y., Guan, Y., Tan, X., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5 · Cited by 4,242 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis
Verity, R., Okell, L. C., Dorigatti, I., Winskill, P., Whittaker, C., Imai, N., Cuomo-Dannenburg, G., Thompson, H., Walker, P. G. T., Fu, H., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30243-7 · Cited by 3,660 · see citing works
Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in China
Dong, Y., Mo, X., Hu, Y., Qi, X., Jiang, F., Jiang, Z., & Tong, S. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-0702 · Cited by 4,130 · see citing works
Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2
Shang, J., Ye, G., Shi, K., Wan, Y., Luo, C., Aihara, H., Geng, Q., Auerbach, A., & Li, F. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2179-y · Cited by 3,661 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, China
Zhang, J., Dong, X., Cao, Y., Yuan, Y.-D., Yang, Y., Yan, Y., Akdiş, C. A., & Gao, Y. (2020) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14238 · Cited by 4,004 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study
Chen, T., Wu, D., Chen, H., Yan, W., Yang, D., Chen, G., Ma, K., Xu, D., Yu, H., Wang, H., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1091 · Cited by 3,903 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, H., Guo, J., Wang, C., Luo, F., Yu, X. B., Zhang, W., Li, J., Zhao, D., Xu, D., Gong, Q., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30360-3 · Cited by 3,921 · see citing works
Self-citationHow will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?
Anderson, R. M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., & Hollingsworth, T. D. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30567-5 · Cited by 3,648 · see citing works
The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak
Chinazzi, M., Davis, J. T., Ajelli, M., Gioannini, C., Litvinova, M., Merler, S., Pastore y Piontti, A., Mu, K., Rossi, L., Sun, K., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aba9757 · Cited by 3,694 · see citing works
COVID-19 infection: Emergence, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses
Shereen, M. A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N., & Siddique, R. (2020) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005 · Cited by 3,544 · see citing works
A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)
Singhal, T. (2020) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6 · Cited by 3,542 · see citing works
COVID-19 and Italy: what next?
Remuzzi, A., & Remuzzi, G. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30627-9 · Cited by 3,119 · see citing works
The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus
Liu, Y., Gayle, A. A., Wilder‐Smith, A., & Rocklöv, J. (2020) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa021 · Cited by 3,169 · see citing works
Self-citationFair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19
Emanuel, E., Persad, G., Upshur, R. E. G., Thome, B. D. C., Parker, M., Glickman, A., Zhang, C., Boyle, C., Smith, M. J., & Phillips, J. P. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsb2005114 · Cited by 3,143 · see citing works
Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2
Shang, J., Wan, Y., Luo, C., Ye, G., Geng, Q., Auerbach, A., & Li, F. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2003138117 · Cited by 3,142 · see citing works
The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health
Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764020915212 · Cited by 3,013 · see citing works
The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China
Kraemer, M. U. G., Yang, C.-H., Gutiérrez, B., Wu, C., Klein, B., Pigott, D. M., open COVID-19 data working group, du Plessis, L., Faria, N. R., Li, R., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb4218 · Cited by 2,950 · see citing works
Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19
Cheng, Y., Luo, R., Wang, K., Zhang, M., Wang, Z., Dong, L., Li, J., Yao, Y., Ge, S., & Xu, G. (2020) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005 · Cited by 2,957 · see citing works
Time Course of Lung Changes at Chest CT during Recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Pan, F., Ye, T., Sun, P., Gui, S., Liang, B., Li, L., Zheng, D., Wang, J., Hesketh, R. L., Yang, L., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200370 · Cited by 2,862 · see citing works
Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2
Xiao, F., Tang, M., Zheng, X., Liu, Y., Li, X., & Shan, H. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.055 · Cited by 2,836 · see citing works
Self-citationProjecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period
Kissler, S. M., Tedijanto, C., Goldstein, E., Grad, Y. H., & Lipsitch, M. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb5793 · Cited by 2,611 · see citing works
Wilder-Smith, A., & Freedman, D. O. (2020) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa020 · Cited by 2,727 · see citing works
Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities
Adedoyın, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180 · Cited by 3,054 · see citing works
Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study
Kucharski, A. J., Russell, T., Diamond, C., Liu, Y., Edmunds, J., Funk, S., Eggo, R. M., Sun, F., Jit, M., Munday, J. D., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30144-4 · Cited by 2,675 · see citing works
Self-citationChest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection
Bernheim, A., Mei, X., Huang, M., Yang, Y., Fayad, Z. A., Zhang, N., Diao, K., Lin, B., Zhu, X., Li, K., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200463 · Cited by 2,658 · see citing works
Self-citationImpaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients
Hadjadj, J., Yatim, N., Barnabei, L., Corneau, A., Boussier, J., Smith, N., Péré, H., Charbit, B., Bondet, V., Chenevier-Gobeaux, C., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc6027 · Cited by 2,984 · see citing works
Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England
Davies, N. G., Abbott, S., Barnard, R. C., Jarvis, C. I., Kucharski, A. J., Munday, J. D., Pearson, C. A. B., Russell, T. W., Tully, D. C., Washburne, A. D., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abg3055 · Cited by 2,633 · see citing works
Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts
Hellewell, J., Abbott, S., Gimma, A., Bosse, N. I., Jarvis, C. I., Russell, T. W., Munday, J. D., Kucharski, A. J., Edmunds, W. J., Sun, F., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30074-7 · Cited by 2,550 · see citing works
Self-citationReduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Diao, B., Wang, C., Tan, Y., Chen, X., Liu, Y., Ning, L., Chen, L., Li, M., Liu, Y., Wang, G., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00827 · Cited by 2,475 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing
Ferretti, L., Wymant, C., Kendall, M., Zhao, L., Nurtay, A., Abeler-Dörner, L., Parker, M., Bonsall, D., & Fraser, C. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb6936 · Cited by 2,512 · see citing works
HCA Lung Biological Network, Sungnak, W., Huang, N., Bécavin, C., Berg, M., Queen, R., Litvinukova, M., Talavera-López, C., Maatz, H., Reichart, D., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0868-6 · Cited by 2,501 · see citing works
Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019
Chen, G., Wu, D., Guo, W., Cao, Y., Huang, D., Wang, H., Wang, T., Zhang, X., Chen, H., Yu, H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci137244 · Cited by 4,750 · see citing works
Self-citationVelavan, T. P., & Meyer, C. G. (2020) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.13383 · Cited by 2,464 · see citing works
Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice
Peng, X., Xu, X., Li, Y., Cheng, L., Zhou, X., & Ren, B. (2020) · International Journal of Oral Science · doi:10.1038/s41368-020-0075-9 · Cited by 2,436 · see citing works
Adhikari, S. P., Sha, M., Wu, Y.-J., Mao, Y.-P., Ye, R.-X., Wang, Q.-Z., Sun, C., Sylvia, S., Rozelle, S., Raat, H., et al. (2020) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x · Cited by 2,410 · see citing works
Self-citationGender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality
Jin, J., Bai, P., He, W. W., Wu, F., Liu, X., Han, D.-M., Liu, S., & Yang, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00152 · Cited by 2,328 · see citing works
Systematic review of COVID‐19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults
Ludvigsson, J. F. (2020) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15270 · Cited by 2,313 · see citing works
Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks
Leung, N. H. L., Chu, D. K. W., Shiu, E. Y. C., Chan, K.-H., McDevitt, J. J., Hau, B. J. P., Yen, H.-L., Li, Y., Ip, D. K. M., Peiris, J. S. M., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2 · Cited by 2,270 · see citing works
Self-citationCOVID-19 pathophysiology: A review
Yuki, K., Shibamura‐Fujiogi, M., & Koutsogiannaki, S. (2020) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108427 · Cited by 2,217 · see citing works
Prem, K., Liu, Y., Russell, T., Kucharski, A. J., Eggo, R. M., Davies, N. G. M., Flasche, S., Clifford, S., Pearson, C. A. B., Munday, J. D., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30073-6 · Cited by 2,087 · see citing works
Self-citationCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective from China
Zu, Z. Y., Jiang, M. D., Xu, P. P., Chen, W., Ni, Q. Q., Lu, G. M., & Zhang, L. J. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200490 · Cited by 2,070 · see citing works
Simonnet, A., Chetboun, M., Poissy, J., Raverdy, V., Noulette, J., Duhamel, A., Labreuche, J., Mathieu, D., Pattou, F. N., Jourdain, M., et al. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22831 · Cited by 2,079 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, C., Huang, F., Wang, F., Yuan, J., Wang, Z., Li, J., Li, J., Feng, C., et al. (2020) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-020-1643-8 · Cited by 2,037 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, L., Qin, L., Xu, Z., Yin, Y., Wang, X., Kong, B., Bai, J., Lu, Y., Fang, Z., Song, Q., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200905 · Cited by 1,927 · see citing works
Self-citationTian, H., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Wu, C.-H., Chen, B., Kraemer, M. U. G., Li, B., Cai, J., Xu, B., Yang, Q., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb6105 · Cited by 2,010 · see citing works
Self-citationCovid-19 — Navigating the Uncharted
Fauci, A. S., Lane, H. C., & Redfield, R. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme2002387 · Cited by 1,983 · see citing works
A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans
Amanat, F., Stadlbauer, D., Strohmeier, S., Nguyen, T. H. O., Chromikova, V., McMahon, M., Jiang, K., Arunkumar, G. A., Jurczyszak, D., Polanco, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0913-5 · Cited by 1,769 · see citing works
Psychosocial impact of COVID-19
Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., Lahiri, D., & Lavie, C. J. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035 · Cited by 1,958 · see citing works
Bi, Q., Wu, Y., Mei, S., Ye, C., Zou, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, X., Wei, L., Truelove, S., Zhang, T., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30287-5 · Cited by 1,960 · see citing works
Self-citationPan, A., Liu, L., Wang, C., Guo, H., Hao, X., Wang, Q., Huang, J., He, N., Yu, H., Lin, X., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6130 · Cited by 1,931 · see citing works
Self-citationCan AI help in screening viral and COVID-19 pneumonia?
Chowdhury, M. E. H., Rahman, T., Khandakar, A., Mazhar, R., Kadir, M. A., Mahbub, Z. B., Islam, K. R., Khan, M. S., Iqbal, A., Emadi, N. A., et al. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010287 · Cited by 1,913 · see citing works
Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS–coronavirus 2
Shi, J., Wen, Z., Zhong, G., Yang, H., Wang, C., Huang, B., Liu, R., He, X., Shuai, L., Sun, Z., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb7015 · Cited by 1,908 · see citing works
Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19
Dhama, K., Sharun, K., Tiwari, R., Sircar, S., Bhat, S., Malik, Y. S., Singh, K. P., Chaicumpa, W., Bonilla‐Aldana, D. K., & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00028-20 · Cited by 1,916 · see citing works
Seo, G., Lee, G., Kim, M. J., Baek, S.-H., Choi, M., Ku, K. B., Lee, C., Jun, S., Park, D., Kim, H. G., et al. (2020) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c02823 · Cited by 1,838 · see citing works
Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection
Ju, B., Zhang, Q., Ge, J., Wang, R., Sun, J., Ge, X., Yu, J., Shan, S., Zhou, B., Song, S., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2380-z · Cited by 1,667 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, W., Du, R., Li, B., Zheng, X.-S., Yang, X., Hu, B., Wang, Y., Xiao, G., Yan, B., Shi, Z., et al. (2020) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1729071 · Cited by 1,800 · see citing works
Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System
Madjid, M., Safavi‐Naeini, P., Solomon, S. D., & Vardeny, O. (2020) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286 · Cited by 1,800 · see citing works
The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview
Wu, Y.-C., Chen, C.-S., & Chan, Y. (2020) · Journal of the Chinese Medical Association · doi:10.1097/jcma.0000000000000270 · Cited by 1,771 · see citing works
Self-citationAge-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics
Davies, N. G., Klepac, P., Liu, Y., Prem, K., Jit, M., CMMID COVID-19 working group, Pearson, C. A. B., Quilty, B. J., Kucharski, A. J., Gibbs, H. P., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0962-9 · Cited by 1,721 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Cardona-Ospina, J. A., Gutiérrez-Ocampo, E., Villamizar-Peña, R., Holguin-Rivera, Y., Escalera-Antezana, J. P., Alvarado-Arnez, L. E., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., Franco-Paredes, C., Henao-Martinez, A. F., et al. (2020) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623 · Cited by 2,542 · see citing works
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine
Meng, L., Hua, F., & Bian, Z. (2020) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034520914246 · Cited by 1,726 · see citing works
Zhang, W.-R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W.-F., Xue, Q., Peng, M., Min, B.-Q., Tian, Q., Leng, H.-X., Du, J.-L., et al. (2020) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000507639 · Cited by 1,690 · see citing works
Self-citationCoutard, B., Valle, C., de Lamballerie, X. N., Canard, B., Seidah, N. G., & Decroly, É. (2020) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104742 · Cited by 1,685 · see citing works
A deep learning algorithm using CT images to screen for Corona virus disease (COVID-19)
Wang, S., Kang, B., Ma, J., Zeng, X., Xiao, M., Guo, J., Cai, M., Yang, J., Li, Y., Meng, X., et al. (2021) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-021-07715-1 · Cited by 1,668 · see citing works
Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of COVID-19 Patient Sera
Shen, B., Yi, X., Sun, Y., Bi, X., Du, J., Zhang, C., Quan, S., Zhang, F., Sun, R., Qian, L., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.032 · Cited by 1,514 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh Contagiousness and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Sanche, S., Lin, Y. T., Xu, C., Romero-Severson, E., Hengartner, N., & Ke, R. (2020) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2607.200282 · Cited by 1,619 · see citing works
Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19
Jin, Y., Yang, H., Ji, W., Wu, W., Chen, S., Zhang, W., & Duan, G. (2020) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v12040372 · Cited by 1,604 · see citing works
Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2
Zhou, Y., Hou, Y., Shen, J., Huang, Y., Martin, W., & Cheng, F. (2020) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-020-0153-3 · Cited by 1,588 · see citing works
Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Guo, L., Ren, L., Yang, S., Xiao, M., Chang, D., Yang, F., Cruz, C. S. D., Wang, Y., Wu, C., Xiao, Y., et al. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa310 · Cited by 1,585 · see citing works
Du, R.-H., Liang, L.-R., Yang, C.-Q., Wang, W., Cao, T.-Z., Li, M., Guo, G.-Y., Du, J., Zheng, C.-L., Zhu, Q., et al. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00524-2020 · Cited by 1,452 · see citing works
Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19
Sanyaolu, A. O., Okorie, C., Marinkovic, A., Patidar, R., Younis, K., Desai, P., Hosein, Z., Padda, I., Mangat, J., & Altaf, M. (2020) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4 · Cited by 1,550 · see citing works
Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes
Takahashi, T., Ellingson, M. K., Wong, P., Israelow, B., Lucas, C., Klein, J., Silva, J., Mao, T., Oh, J. E., Tokuyama, M., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3 · Cited by 1,459 · see citing works
Self-citationImmune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic
(2020) · Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.12932/ap-200220-0772 · Cited by 1,537 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., & Qin, Q. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25748 · Cited by 1,521 · see citing works
Structure-based design of antiviral drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Dai, W., Zhang, B., Jiang, X.-M., Su, H., Li, J., Zhao, Y., Xie, X., Jin, Z., Peng, J., Liu, F., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb4489 · Cited by 1,514 · see citing works
Self-citationBacker, J. A., Klinkenberg, D., & Wallinga, J. (2020) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.5.2000062 · Cited by 1,501 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Zhu, F., Xie, L., Wang, C., Wang, J., Chen, R., Jia, P., Guan, H. Q., Li, P., Chen, Y., et al. (2020) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.296 · Cited by 1,498 · see citing works
Self-citationCOVID‐19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta‐analysis
Li, L., Huang, T., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Liang, Y., Huang, T., Zhang, H., Sun, W., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25757 · Cited by 1,492 · see citing works
Zheng, S., Fan, J., Yu, F., Feng, B., Lou, B., Zou, Q., Xie, G., Lin, S., Wang, R., Yang, X., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1443 · Cited by 1,439 · see citing works
Self-citationThe SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know
Wu, D., Wu, T., Liu, Q., & Yang, Z. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.004 · Cited by 1,424 · see citing works
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review
Harapan, H., Itoh, N., Yufika, A., Winardi, W., Keam, S., Te, H., Megawati, D., Hayati, Z., Wagner, A. L., & Mudatsir, M. (2020) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.019 · Cited by 1,432 · see citing works
- Authors
- Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S. M., Lau, E. H. Y., Wong, J. Y., Xing, X., Xiang, N., Wu, Y., Li, C., Chen, Q., Li, D., Liu, T., Zhao, J., Liu, M., Tu, W., Chen, C., Jin, L., Yang, R., Wang, Q., Zhou, S., Wang, R., Liu, H., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., Shao, G., Li, H., Tao, Z., Yang, Y., Deng, Z., Liu, B., Ma, Z., Zhang, Y., Shi, G., Lam, T. T. Y., Wu, J. T., Gao, G. F., Cowling, B. J., Yang, B., Leung, G. M., & Feng, Z.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Cowling, Benjamin J.
- ORCID
- Li, Qun
- Wu, Peng
- Wang, Xiaoye
- Zhou, Lei
- Tong, Yeqing
- Leung, Kathy S.M.
- Lau, Eric H.Y.
- Wong, Jessica Y.
- Wu, Yang
- Li, Chao
- Li, Dan
- Zhao, Jing
- Liu, Man
- Jin, Lianmei
- Yang, Rui
- Wang, Qi
- Wang, Rui
- Liu, Hui
- Li, Huan
- Yang, Yang
- Deng, Zhiqiang
- Liu, Boxi
- Zhang, Yanping
- Lam, Tommy T.Y.
- Wu, Joseph T.
- Gao, George F.
- Cowling, Benjamin J.
- Yang, Bo
- Leung, Gabriel M.
- Feng, Zijian
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-03-26
- Volume
- 382
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1199-1207
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC7121484
- OpenAlex
- W3003668884
- Cited by
- 16,575
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 133 · 2025: 310 · 2024: 632 · 2023: 1332 · 2022: 2476 · 2021: 4607 · 2020: 7047 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 615.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology (KJYJ-2013-01-02)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (71934002)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201400006C)
- Health and Medical Research Fund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, transmission dynamics, Wuhan, incubation period, serial interval, epidemic doubling time, basic reproduction number, human-to-human transmission, epidemic control
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, China, Communicable Disease Control, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Incidence, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Coronavirus Infections, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Infectious Disease Incubation Period, Young Adult, Epidemics, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
