Social Motivations for College Hookups.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Past research has found distinct patterns in hookups and desire for more hookup opportunities by race, age and sexual orientation.

“distinct patterns in hookups and desire for more hookup opportunities by race, age and sexual orientation (Allison and Risman 2017; Kuperberg and Padgett 2016)”

• cites Allison and Risman 2017 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2016 sourcePartly supported

  The Results (pp. 15–16) report differences by race and sexual orientation in hookup participation and desire for more hookup opportunities. The Measures (p. 9) say age was included as a control and divided into four groups, but the available passages do not report distinct patterns by age. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Past research has found a positive association between hooking up and having an older ideal age at marriage.

“past research has found a positive association between hooking up and having an older ideal age at marriage”

• cites Allison and Risman 2017 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2016 sourcePartly supported

  The Gender and sexual orientation section reports that students expecting to marry earlier are less likely to engage in sexually permissive behavior, and suggests that groups with earlier marriage-age norms may avoid hookups. That supports the proposed direction, but it does not report a measured positive association between hooking up and an individual's older ideal age at marriage. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Women typically experience more negative consequences for engaging in hookups while men receive more positive reinforcement.

“Women typically experience more negative consequences for engaging in hookups while men receive more positive reinforcement (Allison and Risman 2013; Hamilton and Armstrong 2009; Reiber and Garcia 2010).”

• cites Allison and Risman 2013 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Hamilton and Armstrong 2009 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Reiber and Garcia 2010 sourcePartly supported

  The Discussion (page not provided) describes women facing negative psychological and emotional consequences after traumatic or regretted hookups. It also reports that men were more comfortable with hookup behaviors than women, but does not establish that men receive positive reinforcement for hooking up or measure a typical gender difference in consequences. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Men are more likely to endorse pleasure, self-affirmation, peer conformity and goal attainment as motives for sex and hookups.

“Men are more likely to endorse pleasure, self-affirmation, peer conformity and goal attainment as motives for sex and hookups (Hatfield et al. 2010, Weitbrecht and Whitton 2020).”

• cites Hatfield et al. 2010 sourcePartly supported

  The Results of the Literature Review (p. 12) lists pleasure, self-affirmation, and peer conformity among motives men are more likely to endorse. It also lists financial and other utilitarian motives, but does not establish the broader category of goal attainment or specifically assess motives for hookups. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Weitbrecht and Whitton 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Marital horizons theory notes that desired future transitions shape the sexual behaviors and beliefs of individuals.

“Marital horizons theory is rooted in a life course framework, and notes that desired future transitions shape the sexual behaviors and beliefs of individuals”

• cites Carroll et al. 2007 sourceCould not verify

  The Proposed framework and Background sections discuss adherence to interventions and factors affecting implementation fidelity, not marital horizons theory. Searches for marital horizons, desired future transitions, and sexual behavior found no passage in our copy addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.77)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Gender differences have been found in reporting certain motivations such as sexual desire (47% men vs. 29% women), relationship desire (9% men vs. 44% women), increase in social status (27% men vs. 5% women), having fun (58% men vs. 44% women), and to fit in because their friends were doing it (23% men vs. 4% women).

“Gender differences have been found in reporting certain motivations such as sexual desire (47% men vs. 29% women), relationship desire (9% men vs. 44% women), increase in social status (27% men vs. 5% women), having fun (58% men vs. 44% women), and to fit in because their friends were doing it (23% men vs. 4% women) (Lyons et al. 2014; Regan and Dreyer 1999).”

• cites Lyons et al. 2014 sourcePartly supported

  The Results and Discussion report that men were more likely than women to endorse having fun and friends doing it as motivations. But the Results table gives mean scores, not the quoted percentages, and the Discussion reports no gender difference in relationship-focused motivations. The paper discusses greater male emphasis on social status as a finding of Regan and Dreyer (1999), rather than reporting the quoted percentages itself; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Regan and Dreyer 1999 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Black college women and Asian college men are more likely to desire hookup opportunities, but they are less likely to participate in them compared to their white counterparts.

“Although prior research has found that Black college women and Asian college men are more likely to desire hookup opportunities, they are less likely to participate in them compared to their white counterparts (Kuperberg and Padgett 2016).”

• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2016 sourceSupported

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In a mixed methods study, first year college women reported five groups of motivations including social rewards, mood and physical enhancement, conformity to social pressure, coping with negative emotions and external situations, personal qualities, and internal states.

“In a mixed methods study, first year college women reported five groups of motivations including social rewards, mood and physical enhancement, conformity to social pressure, coping with negative emotions and external situations, personal qualities, and internal states (e.g., hormones) (Kenney et al. 2013).”

• cites Kenney et al. 2013 sourcePartly supported

  Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Research on more broad casual sex encounters suggests that gender differences in motivations are small and not statistically significant.

“However, research on more broad casual sex encounters suggests that gender differences in motivations are small and not statistically significant (Hatfield et al. 2010; Lyons et al. 2014; Regan and Dreyer 1999).”

• cites Hatfield et al. 2010 sourcePartly supported

  In Results of the Literature Review (p. 13), the paper says gender differences in sexual motivations are generally small and inconsistent, and notes that both men and women primarily cite pleasure as a reason for one-night stands. It does not say that differences in motivations for casual sex are statistically insignificant; the same passage says most studies find differences. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Lyons et al. 2014 sourcePartly supported

  The Results table shows no statistically significant gender difference for five of eight measured motivations, consistent with the claim for most measures. But it reports significant differences for having sex for fun, being too young to be tied down, and doing it because friends were doing it; the Discussion likewise says there were only a few significant differences, not none. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Regan and Dreyer 1999 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Black students may have fewer peers and be less likely to have parents that are married compared to white students.

“compared to white students, Black students may have fewer peers and be less likely to have parents that are married, given race-based differences in marriage rates and high rates of racial homophily (McClintock 2010; Raley et al. 2015).”

• cites McClintock 2010 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Raley et al. 2015 sourcePartly supported

  The Abstract (page not provided) reports that a much smaller share of Black children than white children lived with both biological parents, and the paper documents a Black–white marriage gap. The section on explanations for that gap by education (page not provided) describes racially homophilous social networks. It does not establish that Black students have fewer peers, and living with both biological parents is not the same measure as having married parents. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Women are equally likely as men to use marijuana during or right before hookups and gender differences in alcohol and other drug use are significant but very small in magnitude.

“Women are equally likely as men to use marijuana during or right before hookups and gender differences in alcohol and other drug use are significant (with women using substances less than men) but very small in magnitude (Kuperberg and Padgett 2017).”

• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2017 sourcePartly supported

  The Results section (page unavailable) reports marijuana use during hookups by 15% of men versus 9–10% of women, so it does not support saying they were equally likely to use it. It reports some relatively small differences in binge drinking and other-drug use, but does not establish that the gender differences in both were statistically significant and very small in magnitude. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Past research has found women are more likely to endorse motives for sex and hookups such as love, commitment, initiating or solidifying an enduring relationship, and being compliant to their partner, compared to men.

“Past research has found women are more likely to endorse motives for sex and hookups such as love, commitment, initiating or solidifying an enduring relationship, and being compliant to their partner, compared to men (Bogle 2008; Hatfield et al. 2010; Weitbrecht and Whitton 2020).”

• cites Bogle 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Hatfield et al. 2010 sourceSupported
• cites Weitbrecht and Whitton 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Prior research has found differing levels of hooking up, desire for hookup opportunities, and risk taking in hookups by sexual orientations and when partners were same-sex.

“prior research has found differing levels of hooking up, desire for hookup opportunities, and risk taking in hookups by sexual orientations and when partners were same-sex (Kuperberg and Padgett 2016, 2017).”

• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2016 sourcePartly supported

  The Results (p. 15) find that homosexual men were more likely than heterosexual men to have hooked up, supporting differences in hookup participation by sexual orientation. The same passage says they did not differ in desire for hookup opportunities. The paper does not report risk taking during hookups or compare hookups by whether the partner was same-sex. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2017 sourcePartly supported

  The Results (page unavailable) report differences in risk taking between same-sex and other-sex hookups. The Meeting Contexts and Risky Behavior section (page unavailable) discusses differences in casual-sex rates and desire for hookups by gender, but the cited paper does not establish those differences by sexual orientation. Gender and partner sex are not interchangeable with sexual orientation. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Women who wish they had more opportunities to form long term relationships are more likely to have hooked up in the past.

“Women who wish they had more opportunities to form long term relationships are also more likely to have hooked up in the past; although it is unclear if this desire to form relationships preceded or were a result of that hookup experience (Kuperberg and Padgett 2016).”

• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2016 sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

Nearly half of college hookups involve binge drinking during or right before the encounter, and over 1 in 10 include marijuana consumption.

“nearly half of college hookups involve binge drinking during or right before the encounter, and over 1 in 10 included marijuana consumption”

• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2017 sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

White college students are more likely to use hookups to secure romantic relationships while also hooking up for fun and excitement.

“White college students are more likely to use hookups to secure romantic relationships while also hooking up for fun and excitement, which Uecker, Pearce, and Andercheck (2015) interpret to mean that for white students hookups have become a regular part of the college script.”

• cites Uecker et al. 2015 sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

Only a few participants (n = 11) were not heterosexual; since this group is too small to analyze separately and patterns of hookup participation and behavior for heterosexual students differ from those who have other sexual identities, we exclude these 11 students from analyses.

“Only a few participants (n = 11) were not heterosexual; since this group is too small to analyze separately and patterns of hookup participation and behavior for heterosexual students differ from those who have other sexual identities (Kuperberg and Padgett 2016), we exclude these 11 students from analyses.”

• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2016 sourcePartly supported

  Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

The limited research on motivations for hooking up and casual sex has typically focused on psychological motivations, and there is little research on how these motivations cluster together, or how motivations may vary by marital horizons, marital contexts, and demographic characteristics.

“The limited research on motivations for hooking up and casual sex has typically focused on psychological motivations, and there is little research on how these motivations cluster together, or how motivations may vary by marital horizons, marital contexts, and demographic characteristics (Garcia and Reiber 2008; Li and Kenrick 2006; Lyons et al. 2014; Regan and Dreyer 1999).”

• cites Garcia and Reiber 2008 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Li and Kenrick 2006 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Lyons et al. 2014 sourcePartly supported

  Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Uecker et al. (2015) suggests that there may be complex sets or groups of motivations that are not being explained by the previous analytical approaches used in prior studies.

“Uecker et al. (2015) suggests that there may be complex sets or groups of motivations that are not being explained by the previous analytical approaches used in prior studies.”

• cites Uecker et al. 2015 sourceSupported

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Kuperberg and Padgett (2016) found hookups were most common among those who occasionally attended religious services and least common among those who regularly attended religious services; those who never attended services were in between.

“Kuperberg and Padgett (2016) found hookups were most common among those who occasionally attended religious services and least common among those who regularly attended religious services; those who never attended services were in between.”

• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2016 sourcePartly supported

  The Results and Discussion report that men who occasionally attended services hooked up more often than nonattenders, while women who attended at least monthly were least likely to have hooked up. They do not establish the claimed ordering for students overall: occasional attendance did not raise women's hookup rates, and frequent-attending men had rates equal to nonattenders. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The thrill seeking and experimentation motivations may begin to decrease as college students age.

“The thrill seeking and experimentation motivations may begin to decrease as college students age (Uecker et al. 2015).”

• cites Uecker et al. 2015 sourcePartly supported

  The section ‘Variation in Motivations by Social Characteristics’ (page unavailable) proposes that the thrill of hooking up may diminish over students’ college careers, reducing thrill-seeking motivations. The paper does not say that experimentation motivations also decrease as students age. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Many first-year college students conform to social norms and may hookup to fit in or because their friends are doing it in order to receive peer approval.

“Also, many first-year college students conform to social norms and may hookup to fit in or because their friends are doing it in order to receive peer approval (Uecker et al. 2015).”

• cites Uecker et al. 2015 sourcePartly supported

  In “Variation in Motivations by Social Characteristics” (page unavailable), the paper suggests that first-year students may be especially motivated by peer approval. “Motivations for Hooking Up” (page unavailable) also says some students may hook up to fit in or conform to perceived norms. It does not establish that many first-year students do so, or specifically that they hook up because their friends are doing it. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Some limited research found Black and Hispanic students were more likely than White students to hookup because they wanted to have sex.

“Some limited research found Black and Hispanic students were more likely than White students to hookup because they wanted to have sex (Uecker et al. 2015).”

• cites Uecker et al. 2015 sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

This racial pattern may reflect racial differences in marriage rates and racial homophily in friendships.

“which may reflect racial differences in marriage rates and racial homophily in friendships (McClintock 2010; Raley et al. 2015).”

• cites McClintock 2010 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Raley et al. 2015 sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

Students appear to have similar motivations for hookups when they do hook up regardless of race; racial differences in hookup rates found by prior research may instead be shaped by difficulties finding partners rather than differences in underlying motivations.

“Results suggest students have similar motivations for hookups when they do hookup regardless of race; racial differences in hookup rates found by prior research may instead be shaped by difficulties finding partners rather than differences in underlying motivations (Kuperberg and Padgett 2016).”

• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2016 sourcePartly supported

  Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Hookups are now as common as dating on campus, with the majority of students hooking up at least once before graduation.

“hookups are now as common as dating on campus, with the majority of students hooking up at least once before graduation (Kuperberg and Padgett 2016).”

• cites Kuperberg and Padgett 2016 sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

There were no significant gender differences in reporting being motivated by drug or alcohol use, desiring to form a relationship with the partner, or being unsure about motivations.

“There were no significant gender differences in reporting being motivated by drug or alcohol use, desiring to form a relationship with their partner, or being unsure about motivations.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Participants' reports of their motivations for their last hookup accurately reflect their actual motivations.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The ten response options adequately capture the relevant motivations for hooking up.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Only 3.5% (N=4) reported hooking up to 'fit in', and this category was excluded from further analysis due to the small number of affirmative responses.

“Only 3.5% (N = 4) reported hooking up to “fit in;” we exclude this category from further analysis due to the small number of affirmative responses.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Participants' reports of their motivations for their last hookup accurately reflect their actual motivations.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The ten response options adequately capture the relevant motivations for hooking up.

May combine two claims.

Those who had hooked up were significantly less likely to have coupled parents than those who had not; no other demographic differences were significant in a simple Chi-square analysis.

“Those who hooked up were significantly less likely to have coupled parents compared to those who had not; there were no other significant differences in demographic characteristics between those that had engaged in a hookup and those that had not in a simple Chi-square analysis.”

May combine two claims.

The older abstainers class comprised almost 18% of students, all of whom had never hooked up and were over age 21.

“The first class we call the older abstainers group and comprised almost 18% of students. 100% of participants in this class had never hooked up and were over the age of 21.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

In the sample, 36.1% (N=65) had never hooked up, while 63.9% (N=115) had hooked up.

“Over a third of participants reported that they had never hooked up before (N = 65; 36.1%) while 63.9% (N = 115) reported having hooked up.”

May combine two claims.

The college script class was more likely than any other class to report hooking up because it is part of the college experience (.75), to improve sex skills (.47), and for self-confidence (.31), and about 1 in 5 (.19) were also motivated by drug and alcohol use.

“People in this group were also more likely than any other class to report hooking up because it is a part of the college experience (.75), to improve their sex skills (.47), self-confidence (.31) and about 1 in 5 (.19) were also motivated by drug and alcohol use.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

Participants with coupled parents were more likely to report hooking up because they desired a relationship, or to not hook up at all.

“Participants who had parents that were coupled were more likely to report hooking up because they desired a relationship, or to not hookup at all”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Participants' reports of their motivations for their last hookup accurately reflect their actual motivations.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The ten response options adequately capture the relevant motivations for hooking up.

May combine two claims.

Women were less likely than men to report hooking up to improve sex skills or self-confidence, or because it is part of the college experience.

“women were less likely than men to report hooking up to improve sex skills or self-confidence, or because it’s a part of the ‘college experience’.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Participants' reports of their motivations for their last hookup accurately reflect their actual motivations.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The ten response options adequately capture the relevant motivations for hooking up.

May combine two claims.

The pleasure pathway class had the most Black students (.38), the second lowest group of males (.11), and was religious (.68).

“This class had the most Black students (.38) and the second lowest group of males (.11). They were religious (.68)”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The relationship seekers class was likely to have married friends (.65) and was least likely to have a mother with a college degree (.27).

“They were likely to have friends that were married (.65) although not as many as the older abstainers (.72). They were least likely to have a mother with a college degree (.27).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The young abstainers class had the highest rates of coupled parents of any class (.79) and a relatively low level of mothers with a college degree (.27).

“They had the highest rates of coupled parents of any class (.79) and had a relatively low level of mothers with a college degree (.27).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The college script class was the smallest group at just under 12% of students, around 23% of those who had hooked up, and 100% of participants in this group reported sexual pleasure as their hookup motivation.

“The fifth class is the college script class and was the smallest group at just under 12% of students, around 23% of those who had hooked up. In this group, 100% of participants reported sexual pleasure as their hookup motivation.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The pleasure pathway class was more likely to be ages 19-20 (.71) compared to other groups, with none over the age of 21.

“were more likely to be ages 19–20 (.71) compared to other groups, with none over the age of 21.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The LCA found that relationship motivation was more common among older students, those who desired an early age marriage, and those whose mothers did not attend college.

“the latter of which our LCA found is more commonly a motivation among older students, those who desire an early at age marriage, and those whose mothers did not attend college themselves.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The college script class was more likely to be male (.67), especially likely to have college educated mothers (.64), and had a desire to get married at an older age (.54) compared to other groups.

“This group was also more likely to be male (.67) and especially likely to have college educated mothers (.64) and a desire to get married at an older age (.54) when compared to other groups (Table 3).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The relationship seekers class made up about 20% of respondents, was motivated by relationships more than any other class (.46), and was least likely to be motivated by pleasure compared to other classes that hooked up (.48).

“The third class is the relationship seekers class, making up about 20% of respondents. This class was motivated by relationships more than any other class (.46) and least likely to be motivated by pleasure compared to other classes that hooked up (.48).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

Among younger students not motivated by the college experience, those in the pleasure pathways class had a relatively low ideal age at marriage, but were least likely to have married friends or coupled parents among all groups.

“Among younger students not motivated by the college experience, those in the pleasure pathways class had a relatively low ideal age at marriage, but were least likely to have married friends or coupled parents among all groups.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

Religiosity was related to a higher probability of hooking up to gain the college experience while not being tied to overall probability of having hooked up.

“Religiosity was surprisingly related to a higher probability of hooking up in order to gain the ‘college experience’ while not being tied to overall probability of having hooked up.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Participants' reports of their motivations for their last hookup accurately reflect their actual motivations.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The ten response options adequately capture the relevant motivations for hooking up.

May combine two claims.

The relationship seekers class was not motivated at all by getting the college experience and had the lowest likelihood of being motivated by drug or alcohol use (.11).

“They also were not motivated at all by getting the college experience, and had the lowest likelihood of being motivated by drug or alcohol use (.11)”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The pleasure pathway class was least likely to report coupled parents (.56) and married friends (.28), but had a relatively low ideal age at marriage, with only .37 wanting to marry at 25 or older.

“This group was least likely to report coupled parents (.56) and married friends (.28) but had a relatively low ideal age at marriage, with only .37 wanting to marry at 25 or older.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The young abstainers class comprised another 18% of students, and 100% of them had never hooked up.

“The second class is the young abstainers who comprised another 18% of students. Like the first class, 100% of participants had never hooked up.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

Students are most commonly driven by pleasure, with two-thirds of the sample of those who hooked up choosing this motivation.

“students are most commonly driven by pleasure, with two-thirds of our sample of those that hooked up choosing this motivation.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Participants' reports of their motivations for their last hookup accurately reflect their actual motivations.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The ten response options adequately capture the relevant motivations for hooking up.

May combine two claims.

The relationship seekers class was most likely to be White (.71), and 100% were over the age of 21.

“They were most likely to be White (.71) and, like the first class of abstainers, 100% were over the age of 21.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The older abstainers class was mostly White (.62), most likely to have married friends (.72), had a high probability of coupled parents (.72), was only 6% male, and was fairly religious (.66).

“This class was mostly White (.62). They were the class most likely to have married friends (.72) and had a high probability of having parents that were coupled (.72). Only 6% of this class was male. They were fairly religious (.66) although not unusually so.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

Older students in the relationship seeker group had a lower rate of having married friends or partnered parents, and an average older ideal age at marriage compared to the similarly aged older abstainer group.

“Older students in the relationship seeker group had a lower rate of having married friends or partnered parents, and an average older ideal age at marriage compared to the similarly aged older abstainer group.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

In regression models, ideal age at marriage was not a strong predictor of differences among abstainers and those in the relationship seeker or pleasure pathway groups, but was oldest among those motivated by college scripts.

“In our regression models ideal age at marriage was not a strong predictor of differences among the abstainers and those in the relationship seeker or pleasure pathway groups, but was oldest among those motivated by college scripts.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Participants' reports of their motivations for their last hookup accurately reflect their actual motivations.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The ten response options adequately capture the relevant motivations for hooking up.

May combine two claims.

The pleasure pathway class was the largest class, comprising 32% of students, was motivated by relationships less than the relationship desire group (.30) but more than the college script class, and hooked up because of pleasure (.62).

“The fourth class is the pleasure pathway class. The largest class, comprising 32% of students, was motivated by relationships less than the relationship desire group (.30) but more than the college script class. They hooked up because of pleasure (.62)”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

Black and White respondents were both common in the college scripts class, indicating fewer racial differences in whether students are motivated by these social scripts.

“However Black and White respondents were both common in the “college scripts” class, indicating fewer racial differences in whether students are motivated by these social scripts.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

Romantic relationship formation, substance use, and the college experience also appear as common motivators, with the latter two associated with college scripts.

“Romantic relationship formation, substance use and the college experience also appear as common motivators, the latter two both associated with college scripts.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Participants' reports of their motivations for their last hookup accurately reflect their actual motivations.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The ten response options adequately capture the relevant motivations for hooking up.

May combine two claims.

In the LCA, White respondents were more likely to be relationship seekers, a class that was older and included respondents most likely to have married friends.

“Some racial differences did emerge in the LCA; White respondents were more likely to be relationship seekers, a class which was older and included respondents most likely to have married friends”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The young abstainers class was more racially diverse, with more Black students (.30) and the largest group of students of other races (.27).

“Unlike the first class, the young abstainers were more racially diverse, with more Black students (.30) and the largest group of students of other races (.27).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

Those motivated by college scripts showed more typical rates of having married friends or coupled parents, but had higher ideal ages at marriage and were more likely to have a college educated mother.

“Those motivated by college scripts on the other hand showed more typical rates of having married friends or coupled parents, but had higher ideal ages at marriage and were more likely to have a college educated mother.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

Women were more likely to be in the abstainer classes and in relationship-motivated classes (relationship seekers and pleasure pathway), although they were not more likely to report relationship motivation in regressions.

“Women were more likely to be in the classes that abstain, and in classes motivated by relationships (the relationship seekers and pleasure pathway class) although they were not more likely to report being motivated by relationships in regressions.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

May combine two claims.

The pleasure pathway class was most likely to report being unsure why they hooked up (.19), was not highly motivated by the college experience (.02) or gaining sexual skills (.00).

“and were most likely to report that they were unsure why they hooked up (.19). This group was also motivated by relationship desire (.30) but not highly motivated by the college experience (.02) or gaining sexual skills (.00).”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The extent to which getting the college experience directly motivates hookup behavior has not been examined.

“the extent to which getting “the college experience” directly motivates hookup behavior has not been examined.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

What motivates college students to participate in hookups is not clear.

“what motivates college students to participate in hookups is not clear”

May combine two claims.

Prior research has examined differences in hookup motivations by gender but not by other factors.

“differences by gender, but not exploring whether students differ in hookup motivations by other factors”

• cites Weitbrecht and Whitton 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Hookups have increasingly become an expected part of the college experience.

“with ‘hookups’ increasingly becoming an expected part of the ‘college experience’ (Bogle 2008; Wade 2017)”

• cites Bogle 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Wade 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Only limited research has examined whether certain hookup motivations cluster together.

“only limited research has examined whether certain motivations may “cluster” together.”

May combine two claims.

Working class students typically already take on adult roles and are more likely to be in committed relationships and marry earlier than their more privileged counterparts.

“Working class students typically already take on adult roles and are more likely to be in committed relationships and marry earlier than their more privileged counterparts when they do marry”

• cites Armstrong and Hamilton 2013 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites England and Bearak 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Kefalas et al. 2011 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Race shapes hookup participation, and students of color may have distinct motivations for hooking up.

“Race also shapes hookup participation, and students of color may have distinct motivations for hooking up.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Townsend et al. (2020) found that college students who engaged in casual sex for autonomous motives had more casual sex partners, and non-autonomous motives were associated with negative psychological well-being.

“a recent study found that college students who engaged in casual sex for autonomous motives (e.g. for fun, to explore their sexuality, to have an important experience) had more casual sex partners, and that non-autonomous motives were associated with negative psychological well-being (e.g. depression and self-esteem) (Townsend et al. 2020)”

• cites Townsend et al. 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Men may choose to hookup or engage in casual sex to fit in with other students, conform to the hookup scripts on their campus, sexually experiment, and increase their social status.

“Men may also choose to hookup or engage in casual sex to fit in with other students, conform to the hookup scripts on their campus, sexually experiment, and increase their social status (Garcia and Reiber 2008; Regan and Dreyer 1999; Weitbrecht and Whitton 2020).”

• cites Garcia and Reiber 2008 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Regan and Dreyer 1999 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Weitbrecht and Whitton 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Weitbrecht and Whitton (2020) found the most common hookup motivations were physical pleasure, feeling attractive, substance use, romantic relationship formation, lack of long term commitments, sexual experimentation, and gaining sexual experience.

“Weitbrecht and Whitton (2020) examined motivations for college hookups, finding the most common were physical pleasure, followed by feeling attractive, substance use, romantic relationship formation, lack of long term commitments, sexual experimentation, and gaining sexual experience.”

• cites Weitbrecht and Whitton 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Regan and Dreyer (1999) found over 32 motivations for casual sex grouped into five general motive categories.

“Regan and Dreyer (1999) found over 32 motivations for casual sex that they grouped into five general motive categories: personal intra-individual motivations, social-environmental motivations, physical-environmental motivations, interpersonal motivations, and other motivations.”

• cites Regan and Dreyer 1999 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Motivations are linked to differences in outcomes.

“since motivations are linked to differences in outcomes (Vrangalova 2015).”

• cites Vrangalova 2015 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Hooking up has been conceptualized as a placeholder for serious relationships and marriage while college students pursue education, career and personal development.

“hooking up has also been conceptualized as a “placeholder” for serious relationships and marriage while college students pursue education, career and personal development opportunities”

• cites Bogle 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Hamilton and Armstrong 2009 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Kefalas et al. 2011 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Not all college students embrace the hookup scripts, and ideal age of first marriage may be less strongly related to hookups for students who are socially excluded from hookup culture.

“not all college students embrace the hookup scripts, and ideal age of first marriage may be less strongly related to hookups for students who are socially excluded from hookup culture (Allison and Risman 2017)”

• cites Allison and Risman 2017 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Gender differences in hookup motivations are often explained by social learning theories.

“Gender differences in hookup motivations are often explained by social learning theories, which suggest that the differences in motivations are shaped by the reinforcements and punishments associated with these behaviors (Mischel 2015).”

• cites Mischel 2015Not checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Hookup participation and motivations may be shaped by social location.

“Hookup participation and motivations may also be shaped by social location; that is, membership in social groups, which can in turn shape social scripts, social expectations and social contexts (Dugger 1988).”

• cites Dugger 1988 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Older students may have a higher likelihood of having married peers.

“Older students may have a higher likelihood of having married peers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The marital status of parents and close peers may shape the beliefs and scripts of college students by setting expectations for marital behavior.

“The marital status of parents and close peers may also shape the beliefs and scripts of college students by setting expectations for marital behavior which inform their sexual behaviors”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Garcia and Reiber (2008) found that 89% of students were motivated by physical pleasure, 54% by emotional reasons, 8% by other people doing it, 4% by friends pressure, 33% by alcohol/drugs, and 51% by wanting to form a relationship.

“In a quantitative study asking about general motivations to hookup 89% of students were motivated by physical pleasure, 54% cited “emotional reasons”, 8% were motivated by other people doing it, 4% indicated their friends pressure them to hookup, 33% reported the hookup was due to alcohol and other drugs, while 51% wanted to form a relationship (Garcia and Reiber 2008).”

• cites Garcia and Reiber 2008 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Qualitative research argues that hookups are increasingly an expected part of the college experience.

“Qualitative research argues that hookups are increasingly an expected part of the college experience (Wade 2017)”

• cites Wade 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

There were more females (N = 148; 82.2%) than males (N = 32, 17.8%) in the sample; this gender imbalance is a result of both the gender composition of the university, which was 65.4% female during the semester in which data were collected, and the higher response rate of women.

“There were more females (N = 148; 82.2%) than males (N = 32, 17.8%) in the sample; this gender imbalance is a result of both the gender composition of the university, which was 65.4% female during the semester in which data were collected, and the higher response rate of women, which is common in surveys (Laguilles et al. 2011).”

• cites Laguilles et al. 2011 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

A total of 280 college students participated in the study for a response rate of 28%.

“A total of 280 college students participated in the study for a response rate of 28%, although 26 participants did not provide information on whether or not they had hooked up and were excluded from the sample.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Penhollow et al. (2007) found religious feelings and regular attendance were associated with fewer hookups and lower likelihoods of participating in sexual intercourse during a hookup.

“Penhollow et al. (2007) found religious feelings and regular attendance were associated with fewer hookups and lower likelihoods of participating in sexual intercourse during a hookup.”

• cites Penhollow et al. 2007 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Some students were married by the time of the survey (N = 7) but we retain them in the sample because the question about motivation asked about most recent hookups, which can include pre-marriage hookups for these students.

“Some students were married by the time of the survey (N = 7) but we retain them in the sample because the question about motivation asked about most recent hookups, which can include pre-marriage hookups for these students.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

As students age they have more pressure to find a romantic partner so they may desire to hookup in order to settle down and form a relationship with someone.

“As students age they have more pressure to find a romantic partner so they may desire to hookup in order to settle down and form a relationship with someone (Owen et al. 2010).”

• cites Owen et al. 2010 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Students are constantly navigating multiple schema that encourage or discourage sexual behaviors.

“Students are constantly navigating multiple schema that encourage or discourage sexual behaviors.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Religiosity shapes an individual's sexual scripts and adherence to hookup scripts on college campuses, as well as their ideal age at marriage and the marital status of their peers.

“Religiosity is a factor that shapes an individuals’ sexual scripts and adherence to hookup scripts on college campuses, as well as their ideal age at marriage and the marital status of their peers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A survey was sent to a random sample of 1000 undergraduate students enrolled at the University.

“A survey was sent to a random sample of 1000 undergraduate students enrolled at the University, with emails obtained from the university’s Office of Institutional Research.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

People who are religious may be motivated by their desire for a relationship more than those who are not religious, in part because religiosity is associated with a younger desired age at marriage.

“People who are religious may be motivated by their desire for a relationship more than those who are not religious, in part because religiosity is associated with a younger desired age at marriage (Fuller et al. 2015).”

• cites Fuller et al. 2015 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Little research has examined religiosity and motivations for hooking up.

“To date there has been little research that has examined religiosity and motivations for hooking up.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Class background is often measured by whether or not a mother has a college degree, which may also directly influence expectations for college directly if students hear stories of college experimentation from their parents.

“Class background is often measured by whether or not a mother has a college degree, which may also directly influence expectations for college directly if students hear stories of college experimentation from their parents.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Being able to participate in hookup culture and perceiving college as an 'experience' is often viewed as a privileged activity that working class students do not have.

“Being able to participate in hookup culture and perceiving college as an “experience” is often viewed as a privileged activity that working class students do not have (Armstrong and Hamilton 2013; Kuperberg and Allison 2018).”

• cites Armstrong and Hamilton 2013 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Kuperberg and Allison 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Black men reportedly felt they would be judged negatively for participating in hooking up as a result of their visibly rare presence on campus.

“Black men reportedly felt they would be judged negatively for participating in hooking up as a result of their visibly rare presence on campus (Kimmel 2008).”

• cites Kimmel 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The latent class analysis selected a five-class model based on fit statistics and labeled the classes older abstainers, young abstainers, relationship seekers, pleasure pathway, and college script.

“Based on these fit statistics we chose the five class model and labeled the classes: older abstainers, young abstainers, relationship seekers, pleasure pathway, and college script.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The latent classes identified by the LCA correspond to real groups of students rather than being artifacts of the analysis.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Traditionally aged first-year college students often enjoy the excitement that comes with new opportunities for sexual exploration as they explore their newfound freedom from parents.

“Traditionally aged first-year college students often enjoy the excitement that comes with new opportunities for sexual exploration as they explore their newfound freedom from parents (Bogle 2008).”

• cites Bogle 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The response rate of 28% is typical for online surveys.

“This response rate is typical for online surveys; response rates under 40% are typical in web surveys that utilize incentives, and many have closer to a 20% response rate, with women often more likely to respond (Laguilles et al. 2011).”

• cites Laguilles et al. 2011 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the host institution.

“This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the host institution.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Findings on the relationship between religiosity and hookup behaviors have been mixed.

“Findings on the relationship between religiosity and hookup behaviors have been mixed.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Mother's education also serves as an indicator of class background, shaping expectations of marital horizons and college experimentation.

“Mother’s education also serves as an indicator of class background, shaping expectations of marital horizons and college experimentation.”

May combine two claims.

Having a parent with a college education may shape expectations of college sexual behavior through parental stories and through greater likelihood of college-educated peers and older siblings.

“Having parents with a college education may shape expectations of college sexual behavior, both because of parental stories of their own college sexual and romantic experiences, and because those with a parent with a college education are more likely to have college educated peers and older siblings”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The study was limited in sample size due to limited funding and was collected at a single university; larger surveys at a wider range of colleges should be collected.

“Our study was limited in sample size due to limited funding to conduct this survey and was only collected at a single university; larger surveys should be collected, examining this issue at a wider range of colleges.”

May combine two claims.

Hookups are, at least for some, directly motivated by the unique social expectations and sexual scripts associated with college, making college hookups unique among sexual encounters.

“Hookups are then, at least for some, directly motivated by the unique social expectations and sexual scripts associated with college, making college hookups unique among sexual encounters”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The data were collected in 2012, which must be taken into account when applying the findings.

“Finally, this data was collected in 2012 which must be taken into account when applying the study findings.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Because sexual relationships and social scripts in college have changed and may continue to change, hookup motivations may change as well.

“As sexual relationships and social scripts in college have changed and may continue to change in light of social changes such as the rise of dating and hookup apps (Kuperberg and Allison 2018), and due to Covid-19, hookup motivations may change as well.”

• cites Kuperberg and Allison 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Although the college experience is a unique motivator of college hookups that distinguishes them from other casual sexual encounters and has public health implications, findings suggest college hookups are more commonly motivated by other concerns.

“While the ‘college experience’ is a unique motivator of the college hookup that distinguishes it from other casual sexual encounters, and has important public health implications, findings suggest that college hookups are more commonly motivated by other concerns.”

May combine two claims.

The study's results indicate that prior research focused on individualistic psychological motivations has missed important social contextual factors that motivate hookups, and that these motivations vary by social location, marital social context, and marital horizons.

“Results demonstrate that prior studies focused on individualistic psychological motivations have missed important social contextual factors motivating hookups, and that these motivations in turn vary by social characteristics including social location, individualistic marital social context, and marital horizons.”

May combine two claims.

Social scripts shaped students' hookup experiences and motivations by shaping expectations of the college experience and encouraging intoxication in settings that may lead to hookups.

“social scripts more broadly shaped student’s hookup experiences and motivations by shaping expectations of what constitutes the ‘college experience,’ and by encouraging intoxication in settings that may lead to hookups.”

May combine two claims.

For students in these clusters, who were disproportionately men, engaging in the normative college experience of casual sex is seen as a pathway to improve self-image and gain skills for future relationships.

“To students in these clusters, which we found were disproportionately men, engaging in what they believe to be the normative college experience of casual sexual encounters is seen as a pathway to improve their self-image and perhaps gain skills they will use when they are forming future sexual or more longer lasting romantic relationships”

May combine two claims.

The study suggests that social contexts, social scripts, and social location are important factors in examining sexual and other risk-taking behavior, both in shaping motivations and in shaping selection into those motivations.

“our research suggests that social contexts, social scripts and social location are important factors to take into account when examining sexual and other risk-taking behavior, both in terms of shaping motivations themselves, and in shaping selection into those motivations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Each university has its own unique sexual scripts and hookup culture, and scripts also vary by school type.

“Each university has its own unique sexual scripts and hookup culture, and scripts also vary by school type (Pham 2019).”

• cites Pham 2019 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Motivations related to college expectations were not the most common; sexual pleasure and romantic relationship formation were more common.

“motivations related to college expectations were not the most common motivations, with these including sexual pleasure and romantic relationship formation.”

May combine two claims.

About one in six students reported being motivated by hookups being part of the college experience or by alcohol or drug consumption, and almost 12% of students-almost one-fourth of those who hooked up-were in the college scripts class.

“Yet, about one in six students reported motivated by hookups being part of the college experience, or due to alcohol or drug consumption, and almost 12% of students, almost one-fourth of students who hooked up, were part of the ‘college scripts’ class of hookup motivations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The survey asked only about motivation for the last hookup rather than hookup motivations in general, so results may differ from a study looking at general motivations.

“Questions only asked about last hookup motivation rather than motivations of hookup in general; while this may be an advantage in making the question more concrete for students, results may differ from a study looking at motivations for hooking up more generally.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The survey instrument included only nine motivations, and numerous motivations examined in the literature were not included.

“Third, our survey instrument only included nine motivations, and numerous motivations examined in the literature were not included.”

May combine two claims.

Those with fewer college-educated peers may have fewer expectations of sexual experimentation in college and may be more focused on improving their economic position; those whose parents did not have a college degree were found more commonly in the relationship seeker class.

“Those with fewer peers who are college educated may have fewer expectations of sexual experimentation in college, and may be more focused on improving their economic position while in college; those whose parents did not have a college degree were found more commonly in the relationship seeker class.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Students who grew up religious may have grown up in a more restrictive sexual environment and may see college as a time to break free of these norms before perhaps marrying at a younger age.

“Students who grew up religious may have grown up in a more restrictive sexual environment and perhaps see college as a time to break free of these norms before perhaps marrying at a younger age.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The study's findings suggest it is important to incorporate pleasure into future research on college students, which has typically focused on reducing sexual risk behaviors and negative hookup outcomes.

“Research on college students has typically focused on reducing sexual risk behaviors and examined negative outcomes related to hookups; our findings suggest it is important to incorporate pleasure into future research.”