The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Immigrant Employment Success in Canada, Part I: Individual and Contextual Causes
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Similarly, in Canada, skilled ethnic and religious minority immigrants are particularly likely to experience employment disadvantage, even when potentially relevant factors are taken into account (e.g., Ng & Gagnon 2020, Reitz 2007).”
From Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Immigrants (2021) · cites this paper as Reitz 2007
Citations
Cites
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.
Fernandez, R. M., Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074502 · Cited by 6,191
The Effect of Americanization on the Earnings of Foreign-born Men
Chiswick, B. R. (1978) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260717 · Cited by 2,783
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.
John, C. S., Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1994) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2579960 · Cited by 2,775
The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting.
Swanson, G. E., & Bell, D. M., Jr. (1974) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2576062 · Cited by 2,593
Piore, M. J. (1979) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511572210 · Cited by 2,078
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass
Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429499821-27 · Cited by 1,753
The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting
Berry, B. J. L., & Bell, D. M., Jr. (1974) · Geographical Review · doi:10.2307/213570 · Cited by 1,274
Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor and Industrial Societies.
Alonso, W., & Piore, M. J. (1981) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/1972564 · Cited by 1,264
Immigrant Youth in Cultural Transition
Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. H. (2006) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780415963619 · Cited by 1,157
The Economic Sociology of Immigration: Essays on Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship
Portes, A. (1998) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · Cited by 1,117
Research works printed but not linked: 27
- Angus Reid Group (1991). Multiculturalism and Canadians: Attitude study 1991 (National Survey Report). Ottawa: Multiculturalism and Citizenship Canada.
- Baker, M., & Benjamin, D. (1997). Ethnicity, foreign birth and earnings: A Canada/US comparison. In M. G. Abbott, C. M. Beach, & R. P. Chaykowski (Eds.), Transition and structural change in the North American labour market (pp. 281–313). Kingston, ON: John Deutsch Institute and Industrial Relations Centre, Queen’s University.
- Bloom, D. E., & Grant, M. (2001). Brain gain: The economic benefits of recognizing learning and learning credentials in Canada. Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada.
- Borjas, G. J. (1999). Heaven’s door. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Boyd, M. (1992). Gender, visible minority and immigrant earnings inequality: Reassessing an employment equity premise. In V. Satzewich (Ed.), Deconstructing a nation: Immigration, multiculturalism and racism in the 1990s Canada (pp. 279–321). Toronto, ON: Garamond Press.
- Canada, Treasury Board Secretariat (2000). Embracing change in the federal public service—Task force on the participation of visible minorities in the federal public service. Ottawa: Treasury Board Secretariat.
- Canadian Council on Social Development (2000). Unequal access: A Canadian profile of racial differences in education, employment and income. Toronto, ON: Canadian Race Relations Foundation.
- Citizenship and Immigration Canada (1998). The economic performance of immigrants: Immigration category perspective. IMDB Profile Series. Ottawa: Citizenship and Immigration Canada.
- Cumming, P. A., Lee, E. L. D., & Oreopoulos, D. G. (1989). Access! Task force on access to professional and trades in Ontario. Toronto, ON: Ministry of Citizenship.
- Goldberg, M. (2000). The facts are in! Newcomers’ experiences in accessing regulated professions in Ontario. Toronto, ON: Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities, Access to Professions and Trades Unit.
- Grant, H., & Sweetman, A. (Eds.). (2004). Special issue: The economics of immigration and Canada’s cities. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 13(1).
- Henry, F., & Ginsberg, E. (1985). Who gets the work? A test of racial discrimination in employment. Toronto, ON: Urban Alliance on Race Relations and The Social Planning Council of Metropolitan Toronto.
- Kazemipur, A., & Halli, S. S. (2000). The New Poverty in Canada: Ethnic Groups and Ghetto Neighbourhoods, Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.
- Kunz, J. L., & Thompson, E. (2002). Recent immigrant women and the Canadian labour market. Paper presented at the Canadian Employment Research Forum Conference on Immigration, May 30–31, Calgary.
- Lee, F. (2005). “Thou land of hope for all who toil”? The effects of social resources on job search and job outcome of skilled immigrants in Toronto. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto.
- Li, P. S., & Kunz, J. L. (Eds.) (2004). Special issue: The role of social capital in immigrant integration. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 5(2).
- McVey, W., & Kalbach, W. E. (1995). Canadian population. Toronto, ON: Nelson Canada.
- Palmer, D. (1991). Prejudice and tolerance in Canada. In D. Palmer (Ed.), Economic Council of Canada, social and economic impacts of immigration (pp. 103–119). Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada.
- Reitz, J. G. (2003a). Educational expansion and the employment success of immigrants in the United States and Canada, 1970–1990. In J. G. Reitz (Ed.), Host societies and the reception of immigrants (pp. 151–180). La Jolla, CA: Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California.
- Reitz, J. G. (2003d). Occupational dimensions of immigrant credential assessment: Trends in professional, managerial, and other occupations, 1970–1996. In C. Beach, A. Green, & J. G. Reitz (Eds.), Canadian immigration policy for the 21st century (pp. 469–506). Kingston, ON: John Deutsch Institute for the Study of Economic Policy.
- Reitz, J. G., & Sklar, S. M. (1997). Culture, race, and the economic assimilation of immigrants. Sociological Forum, 12(2), 233–277. · DOI
- Satzewich, V. (Ed.). (1998). Racism and social inequality in Canada. Toronto, ON: Thompson.
- Shibuya, K., Fong, E., Lam, M-L., & So, C. (2001). Determinants of return migration: A study of Chinese in Toronto. In A. Y. So, N. Lin, & D. Poston (Eds.), The Chinese triangle of Mainland-Taiwan-Hong Kong: Comparative institutional analysis (pp. 253–268). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
- Statistics Canada (2005a). Building on our competencies: Canadian results of the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey 2003. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.
- Statistics Canada (2005b). Longitudinal survey of immigrants to Canada: A portrait of early settlement experiences. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Special Surveys Division.
- Statistics Canada (2005c). Population projections of visible minority groups, Canada, provinces and regions, 2001–2017. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Demography Division.
- Van Tubergen, F. (2004). The integration of immigrants in cross-national perspective. Utrecht, Netherlands: Interuniversity Centre for Social Science Theory and Methodology.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 231
Policies and Practices of Integration: High-Skilled Migrants from India in Singapore
Chacko, E. (2017) · Papers in Applied Geography · doi:10.1080/23754931.2017.1349686 · Cited by 9
Hou, F., & Picot, G. (2010) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 9
The Role of Employers in Selecting Highly Skilled Immigrants: Potentials and Limitations
Reitz, J. G. (2023) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-023-01030-y · Cited by 8
Self-citationSeeking Sanctuary in the Netherlands: opportunities and obstacles to refugee integration
Engbersen, G. B. M., Dagevos, J., & Bakker, L. G. H. (2012) · Cited by 8
Atitsogbe, K. A., Durante, F., & Rossier, J. (2020) · L’Orientation scolaire et professionnelle · doi:10.4000/osp.12563 · Cited by 8
Economic Network Effects and Immigrant Earnings†
Wang, X., Maani, S. A., & Rogers, A. (2021) · Economic Record · doi:10.1111/1475-4932.12579 · Cited by 8
Nourpanah, S. (2021) · Anthropologica · doi:10.18357/anthropologica6312021186 · Cited by 8
Thomas, C. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 8
Konnikov, A. (2023) · Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie · doi:10.1111/cars.12442 · Cited by 8
The Economic Integration of Latin Americans in Israel
Raijman, R., & Ophir, A. (2014) · Canadian ethnic studies · doi:10.1353/ces.2014.0036 · Cited by 7
Curtis, J., & McMullin, J. A. (2016) · Work Aging and Retirement · doi:10.1093/workar/waw003 · Cited by 7
Malik, A. R., Manroop, L., & Singh, P. (2017) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-09-2016-0127 · Cited by 7
Gauthier, C. (2015) · Économie et solidarités · doi:10.7202/1033278ar · Cited by 6
The Role of Online Discussion Forums in Newcomers' Labour Market Integration in Canada
Gulanowski, D. (2018) · doi:10.22215/etd/2018-12865 · Cited by 6
Banerjee, R. (2023) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-023-01068-y · Cited by 6
Challenges of the Visible Minority Families: Cultural Sensitivity to the Rescue
Yesufu, A. O. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse · doi:10.29173/cjfy18950 · Cited by 5
Workplace inequities and health outcomes among Black professionals in Canada
Mugambi, D., Keshavjee, K., Aygun, O. E., Mbinda, T. K., & Guergachi, A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311729 · Cited by 8
Immigrant Indian Professional‟s Experiences with Perceived Discrimination in the Australian Workpl
Gowan, S., & Teal, G. (2015) · International Journal of Social Science and Humanity · doi:10.7763/ijssh.2016.v6.678 · Cited by 4
Barak‐Bianco, A., & Raijman, R. (2024) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2024.2388153 · Cited by 4
Tanaka, Y., & Cranford, C. J. (2024) · Social Politics International Studies in Gender State & Society · doi:10.1093/sp/jxae024 · Cited by 4
Unionization and Income Growth of Racial Minority Immigrants in Canada: A Longitudinal Study
Verma, A., Reitz, J. G., & Banerjee, R. (2015) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/imre.12172 · Cited by 4
Self-citationPylypa, J. (2011) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-011-0225-1 · Cited by 4
Gatobu, S., Arocha, J. F., & Hoffman‐Goetz, L. (2016) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2016.1197129 · Cited by 7
An evaluation of the CAPS refugee doctor scheme in London – a survey of outcomes
Shah, R., Moodambail, A. R., Alam, M. F., Ragiwala, D., & Mulamehic, F. (2020) · Education for Primary Care · doi:10.1080/14739879.2020.1857662 · Cited by 4
Earning Gaps for Chinese Immigrants in Canada and the United States
Wu, Z., Lee, S. M., Hou, F., Edmonston, B., & Carmichael, A. B. (2017) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.12363 · Cited by 4
Meardi, G., Artiles, A. M., & van den Berg, A. (2016) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0195-631020160000032005 · Cited by 4
Prendergast, N. (2014) · Cited by 4
Is Quick Formal Access to the Labor Market Enough? Refugees' Labor Market Integration in BelgiumPreprint
Lens, D., Marx, I., & Vujić, S. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3286164 · Cited by 4
Lee, A. J. (2014) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 4
Length of time to first job for immigrants in the United Kingdom: An exploratory analysis
Wong, J. H. (2013) · Canadian Studies in Population · doi:10.25336/p6v60t · Cited by 3
Konnikov, A., & Raijman, R. (2015) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-015-0412-6 · Cited by 3
The double return experience: rationale for return from Canada to Ghana and Ghana to Canada
Kyeremeh, E., Kutor, S. K., Annan-Aggrey, E., Yusuf, I., & Arku, G. (2023) · Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines · doi:10.1080/00083968.2023.2194663 · Cited by 3
Byoun, S.-J. (2013) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 3
Immigrants' Location Choices, Geographic Concentration, and Employment in New Zealand
Wang, X., & Maani, S. A. (2015) · Labour Employment and Work in New Zealand · doi:10.26686/lew.v0i0.2224 · Cited by 3
The Employment and Occupational Status of Migrants from Countries Experiencing Armed Conflict
Joly, M.-P. (2019) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-018-00642-z · Cited by 3
Is Canada a Model for Compassionate Migration Policy?
Baglay, S. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-55074-3_15 · Cited by 3
The Career Re-training Experience of Professional Immigrants to Canada: An Existential Perspective
McInnes, T. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 3
Inequities in Black et Blanc: Textual Constructions of the French Immersion Student
Kunnas, M. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 3
Lamb, D., & Banerjee, R. (2024) · Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy and Society · doi:10.1111/irel.12374 · Cited by 2
Identifying Barriers to the English Language Training of Underemployed Immigrants in Edmonton
Hatami, S., & Weber, D. (2013) · Alberta Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.55016/ojs/ajer.v58i4.55582 · Cited by 2
Too Old to Work?: The Influence of Retraining on Employment Status for Older Immigrants to Canada
Hochbaum, C. V. (2013) · Canadian ethnic studies · doi:10.1353/ces.2013.0008 · Cited by 2
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF IMMIGRATION ON THE CHANGES OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING FOR NATIVE-BORN CANADIANS?
Ding, W. H. (2013) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada) · Cited by 2
Is there a refugee gap? Evidence from over a century of Danish naturalizations
Boberg‐Fazlić, N., & Sharp, P. R. (2024) · European Review of Economic History · doi:10.1093/ereh/heae001 · Cited by 2
Introduction au numéro thématique « Migrations internationales et orientation »
Olry-Louis, I. (2020) · L’Orientation scolaire et professionnelle · doi:10.4000/osp.12366 · Cited by 2
Workplace Hardship: Learning Entrepreneurial Identities
Bhutani, A., & Mirchandani, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-2327-1_68-1 · Cited by 2
The Immigrant Wage Gap in Canada: Differences between the Public and the Private SectorPreprint
Nadeau, S. (2013) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.20381/ruor-25539 · Cited by 2
Salami, O. O. (2014) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 2
Chavez, M. (2015) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3fb4wx6m · Cited by 2
Settlement and Integration Needs of Skilled Immigrants in Calgary: A Mixed Methods Study
Kaushik, V. (2020) · doi:10.11575/prism/38349 · Cited by 2
Gravel, S., Dupuis, M.-F., & Robidoux-Bolduc, S. (2020) · Revue multidisciplinaire sur l emploi le syndicalisme et le travail · doi:10.7202/1078723ar · Cited by 1
Serdar, A. C. U. N., & Kahveci, M. (2022) · Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.53092/duiibfd.1031098 · Cited by 1
The recognition of foreign professionality
Vatter, A. (2024) · Vermittlung und Übersetzung im Wandel · doi:10.14361/9783839471005-005 · Cited by 1
Wodurch wird professionelles Wissen transnational anschlussfähig?
Weiß, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-20939-1_5 · Cited by 1
L’insertion professionnelle des migrants francophones à Ottawa : un processus à double face
Fortier, V., Tabor, M., & Garneau, S. (2018) · Reflets Revue d’intervention sociale et communautaire · doi:10.7202/1051525ar · Cited by 1
Abdi, T. A., Silla, J. M. P., & Presti, A. L. (2021) · Australian Journal of Career Development · doi:10.1177/10384162211066380 · Cited by 1
Kayaalp, D. (2017) · Critical education · doi:10.14288/ce.v9i2.186279 · Cited by 1
Tesfai, R. (2021) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12873 · Cited by 2
Workplace Hardship: Learning Entrepreneurial Identities
Bhutani, A., & Mirchandani, K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-6887-7_68 · Cited by 1
Att få dom att förändras : Jobbcoaching för arbetslösa i socialfondsprojekt
Engstrand, Å.-K., & Vesterberg, V. (2011) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
Childs, S., Finnie, R., & Mueller, R. (2012) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · Cited by 1
A self determination theory perspective of the work-life adjustment of professional immigrants
Ali, S. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
Working Together? Settlement Services and Immigrant Employment in Mid-Sized Canadian Cities
Thomas, J. (2017) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3pg1j26p · Cited by 2
Immigration and Fertility: A Comparative Analysis of Alberta and Canada
Islam, K. (2014) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3td9nf9w · Cited by 1
PERSPECTIVES IN ADAPTIVE COPING: THE RETRAINING EXPERIENCES OF IMMIGRANT PROFESSIONALS IN CANADA
Busic, T. (2017) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
Examining the Decline in the Economic Outcomes of Highly Educated Recent Immigrants to Canada
Qidwai, M. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14652474.v1 · Cited by 1
One year later: the employment experiences of Syrian refugees in the greater Toronto area
Khabra, S. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14660589 · Cited by 1
Occupational mobility of Brazilian immigrants in segmented labour markets
Vendramin, G. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14662788 · Cited by 1
One year later: the employment experiences of Syrian refugees in the greater Toronto area
Khabra, S. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14660589.v1 · Cited by 1
Maahanmuuttajan matka suomalaiseen yhteiskuntaan
Hiltunen, S. (2012) · Theseus (Ammattikorkeakoulujen)
Wang, L. (2011) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Larose, S. L. (2014) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Labour market uncertainty and migration policy Canadian, German and Spanish experiences compared
Meardi, G. (2026) · University of Warwick · doi:10.82444/warw.33667282
Madani, A. (2009) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
The Integration of Immigrants into the Newfoundland and Labrador Workforce: Final Report
Coombs-Thorne, H., & Warren, M. R. (2007) · Memorial University Research Repository (Memorial University)
Li, X. (2012) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
Knight, C. (2015) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-2870
Tracking immigrant professionals' experience in Manitoba's labour market
Stobbe, S. P., & Harris, J. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14636424.v1
Oyapero, B. (2012) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
The Mobile Citizen: Canada’s Treatment of Mobility in Immigration, Citizenship, and Foreign Policy
Johnston, A. (2017) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-625
Montazer, S. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
The retention of international students to their place of study upon permanent resident status
Nguyen, S. P. (2017) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Becoming an entrepreneur: How Chinese Immigrants in Canada Created an Entrepreneurial Identity
Zhang, Z. (2014) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3q95c
Yang, F.-J. (2017) · MacSphere (McMaster University) · doi:10.71548/19823
The emergence of Italian Canadian theatre from 1947 to the present
Lomartire, S. (2013) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Kongats, K. (2021) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3-cv15-r019
Gowan, S., & Teal, G. (2013) · The International Journal of Organizational Diversity · doi:10.18848/2328-6261/cgp/v12i02/40157
IMMIGRATION OF SKILLED WORKERS TO CANADA: THE UNDER-UTILIZED POTENTIAL
Bashir, A. (2011) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
(2021) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83982-826-320211025
Permanent Black Immigrants’ Experiences of Working in Ontario
Coleman-Bryan, K. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14649651.v1
Ba, H. (2021) · Reflets Revue d’intervention sociale et communautaire · doi:10.7202/1076138ar
Deportability, Labour and Health in Canada’s Late Capitalism
Sanchez, H. R. (2019) · doi:10.22215/etd/2019-13982
Permanent Black Immigrants’ Experiences of Working in Ontario
Coleman-Bryan, K. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14649651
Metadata
- Authors
- Reitz, J. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Reitz, Jeffrey G.
- ORCID
- Reitz, Jeffrey G.
- Venue
- Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l'integration et de la migration internationale
- Published
- 2007-10-31
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-36
- ISSN
- 1488-3473 (ISSN-L)
- 1874-6365
- OpenAlex
- W2053626367
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 16.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Keywords
- immigrant assimilation, human capital, immigration policy, settlement patterns, social capital, cultural capital, institutional environment, discrimination against immigrants, immigrant origin, Canada
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review