The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychological correlates of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures: evidence from turkey.
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has led to popular conspiracy theories regarding its origins and widespread concern over the level of compliance with preventive measures. In the current preregistered research, we recruited 1088 Turkish participants and investigated (a) individual differences associated with COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs; (b) whether such conspiracy beliefs are related to the level of preventive measures; and (c) other individual differences that might be related to the preventive measures. Higher faith in intuition, uncertainty avoidance, impulsivity, generic conspiracy beliefs, religiosity, and right-wing ideology, and a lower level of cognitive reflection were associated with a higher level of belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories. There was no association between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures while perceived risk was positively and impulsivity negatively correlated with preventive measures. We discuss the implications and directions for future research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Some recent studies have already implicated such a possibility by demonstrating that a lack of trust in the government is related to a higher acceptance of conspiracy theories (Bruder and Kunert, 2020) that is by itself related to the higher fear/anxiety related to COVID-19 (Alper et al., 2020; Larsen et al., 2020).”
From Intolerance of Uncertainty and Tendency to Worry as Mediators Between Trust in Institutions and Social Support and Fear of Coronavirus and Consequences of the Pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Alper et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Journal of the National Medical Association
(2010) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30622-2 · Cited by 5,338
Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making
Frederick, S. (2005) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/089533005775196732 · Cited by 5,256
The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2
Andersen, K. G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W. I., Holmes, E. C., & Garry, R. F. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9 · Cited by 5,081
Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/466029a · Cited by 3,441
Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale
Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014 · Cited by 2,288
Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2019) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.06.011 · Cited by 2,022
Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5 · Cited by 1,564 · cited 1×
“It was found that individuals who fear more about COVID-19 report exhibiting more public health compliance behaviors such as hand washing and social distancing (Harper et al. 2020).”
BackgroundThe Psychology of Conspiracy Theories
Douglas, K. M., Sutton, R. M., & Cichocka, A. (2017) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721417718261 · Cited by 1,316
Pacini, R., & Epstein, S. J. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.6.972 · Cited by 1,258
The Effects of Anti-Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Vaccination Intentions
Jolley, D., & Douglas, K. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089177 · Cited by 1,232
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Türk, E. G., & Artar, M. (2014). Adaptation of the rational experiential inventory: Study of reliability and validity. Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 47(1).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–191 of 191
Jedinger, A., & Masch, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Social Psychology · doi:10.3389/frsps.2024.1447313 · Cited by 6
Alfasi, Y. (2023) · Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2023.2286592 · Cited by 5
“Previous research found an association between IOU and both general conspiracy beliefs (Farias & Pilati, 2023), and specific COVID-19 related conspiracy beliefs (Alper et al., 2021).”
The Ideological Slant of COVID-19-Related Conspiracies. A New Niche for the Far-Right?
Galais, C., & Guinjoan, M. (2022) · Representation · doi:10.1080/00344893.2022.2034660 · Cited by 6
“Extant research is mixed regarding the political bases of general conspiratorial beliefs, although works on specific conspiracy theories suggest pathways that connect them with the right of the political spectrum in Italy (Mancosu, Ladini, & Vassallo, 2020), Turkey (Sawae, 2020) or Australia (Busbridge, Moffitt, & Tho…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialStefkovics, Á., Krekó, P., & Koltai, J. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117149 · Cited by 7
Breaking (Fake) News: No Personal Relevance Effect on Misinformation Vulnerability
Ceccarini, F., Capuozzo, P., Colpizzi, I., & Caudek, C. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13110896 · Cited by 6
Ük, B., & Bahçekapılı, H. G. (2022) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-022-00047-1 · Cited by 9
“Some studies examined the relationship between conspiratorial thinking to mental processes and found a close relationship between low analytic thinking and belief in conspiracy theories [2, 34].”
BackgroundAlper, S., Yelbuz, B. E., & Konukoglu, K. (2023) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/jdm.2023.33 · Cited by 5
“Also, cognitive dispositions such as cognitive reflection (Alper et al., 2020; Binnendyk and Pennycook, 2022; Kantorowicz-Reznichenko et al., 2022; Swami et al., 2014; Yelbuz et al., 2022) and scientific reasoning ( ˇCavojová and Ersoy, 2020) are found to be negatively related with conspiracy beliefs.”
COVID-19 preparedness and social dynamics in a Sub-Saharan Africa country, Benin
Maccaro, A., Piaggio, D., Vignigbé, M., Stingl, A. I., & Pecchia, L. (2022) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daac105 · Cited by 5
Serrano, D. M., Crone, T. S., & Williams, P. S. (2023) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-023-00447-2 · Cited by 6
“Conspiracy theories are unjustified beliefs that events are premeditated and executed by clandestine and influential organizations with malicious intents (Alper et al., 2020).”
InfluentialYoussef, D., Bleibel, L., & Abboud, E. (2023) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice · doi:10.1186/s40545-023-00580-x · Cited by 10
Karadağ, M., & Demir, B. (2022) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22700 · Cited by 3
“A negative correlation was found between impulsivity and compliance with preventive measures in this study (Alper et al., 2020).”
BackgroundČavojová, V., Šrol, J., & Mikušková, E. B. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xahdj · Cited by 4
Time Discounting and Hand-Sanitization Behavior: Evidence from Japan
Lal, S., Nguyen, T. X. T., Sulemana, A.-S., Khan, M. S. R., & Kadoya, Y. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15086488 · Cited by 3
Zhao, S., Zhou, J., & Wang, T. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294681 · Cited by 3
Bayrak, F., Aktar, B., Aydaş, B., Yılmaz, O., Alper, S., & İşler, O. (2023) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2023.2285445 · Cited by 3
“…that can explain reduced receptivity to science and reduced adherence to evidence-based preventive measures, including low levels of perceived risk (Alper et al., 2021; Faulkner et al., 2004; Harper et al., 2021; Hay et al., 2006; Kemp et al., 2022; see Brewer et al., 2007, for a meta-analysis;…”
InfluentialAKYOL, E., & Atlı, A. (2023) · Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi · doi:10.21076/vizyoner.1100806 · Cited by 5
Alper, S., Konukoğlu, K., Atalay, E. D., Düzgün, A., & Yılmaz, O. (2024) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112765 · Cited by 4
Alper, S., Elcil, T., Karaca, N., Bayrak, F., & Yilmaz, O. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07654-w · Cited by 2
Belief in a Norm‐Consistent Climate Policy Conspiracy Theory and Non‐Normative Collective Action
Pummerer, L., Ditrich, L., Winter, K., & Sassenberg, K. (2025) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.13094 · Cited by 5
Allaying the Fears Metaphorically: Representation of Coronavirus Crisis in Saudi English Newspapers
Alsaedi, A. (2021) · International Journal of English Linguistics · doi:10.5539/ijel.v11n2p91 · Cited by 3
“But, under the given circumstances, in the prevalence of so many [conspiracy] theories running amuck among the public (Alper et al., 2020; Miller, 2020), and information and misinformation freely available to the public at large in the age of the Internet, it also became imperative for state governments to provide aut…”
Aemro, A., Fentie, B., & Wassie, M. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272570 · Cited by 3
Minzenberg, M., & Yoon, J. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.996582 · Cited by 4
de Moor, E. L., Cheng, T.-Y., Spitzer, J. E., Berger, C., Carrizales, A., Garandeau, C. F., Gerbino, M., Hawk, S. T., Kaniušonytė, G., Kumru, A., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0279366 · Cited by 3
Çoşkun, Ö., Kıyak, Y. S., & Budakoğlu, I. İ. (2023) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423623000464 · Cited by 3
“Believing conspiracy theories about COVID-19 has been strived by researchers to be explained through revealing its psychological correlates (Alper et al. , 2021).”
BackgroundWenjuan, L., Yujie, H., Midi, Z., Zhaotong, Y., & Yuhua, D. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2024.2325166 · Cited by 2
“The spreading of misinformation can exert a negative impact on public health and social stability (Alper et al., 2021).”
BackgroundPrevalence of pharmaceutical industry conspiracy theories among the polish population
Makowska, M., Ozaki, A., & Boguszewski, R. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95626-2 · Cited by 2
Exploring the value co-creation process from systematic and integrated analysis
Huang, Y., & Liu, C.-H. S. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07718-x · Cited by 4
“Similarly, uncertainty avoidance could impact customers’ willingness to participate in co-creation activities that involve risk or ambiguity (Alper et al., 2021).”
Hartz, C., Deutsch, F., Boehnke, K., Klicperová‐Baker, M., Brezina, I., Šrol, J., Čavojová, V., Jakab, Z., Przybylski, W., Maftean, M. R., et al. (2025) · Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe · doi:10.1080/25739638.2025.2511093 · Cited by 2
“In general, people with intolerance for uncertainty (Alper, Bayrak, and Yilmaz 2021), lack of control (Gligorić, Feddes, and Doosje 2021), and feelings of powerlessness and anomia (Bruder et al. 2013) are more likely to agree to conspiracy beliefs.”
Determinants and consequences of belief in Islamophobic conspiracy theories among youth in India
Sharma, S., Shahnawaz, M., & Zafar, M. (2025) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.70053 · Cited by 2
Hudecek, M. F. C., Fischer, P., Gaube, S., & Lermer, E. (2022) · Journal of Open Psychology Data · doi:10.5334/jopd.64 · Cited by 2
Dodd, B., & Rife, S. C. (2023) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.13012 · Cited by 2
Şahin, G. (2024) · Mediterranean Journal of Humanities · doi:10.13114/mjh.1430776 · Cited by 2
PSYCHIATRY ASPECTS OF CONSPIRATION THEORY IN COMMUNITY DUE TO COVID-19
Kalam, I., & Ulya, Z. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research · doi:10.21776/ub.jppbr.2020.001.02.2 · Cited by 2
“This pandemic still go on over the world, there were more than 2 million cases.(6) Some unknown aspects of the disease, such as viral, comorbidity,”
BackgroundCONSPIRACY BELIEF AND BEHAVIOR IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Ярош, Н. С., Artiukhova, V., & Zimovin, O. (2021) · BRAIN BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE · doi:10.18662/brain/12.2/200 · Cited by 3
Predictors of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours in a sample of the Turkish population
Savcı, C., & Akıncı, A. Ç. (2022) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.13048 · Cited by 2
YOUTUBE AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 VACCINE
Kaya, E., Özdemi̇r, M., Üçer, H., & Koçyiğit, B. F. (2022) · Central Asian Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ethics · doi:10.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.03 · Cited by 2
Politische Erwachsenenbildung im Umgang mit Verschwörungstheorien in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie
Firsova-Eckert, E., Scheibenpflug, K., & Lange, D. (2022) · Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik · doi:10.3224/gwp.v71i4.09 · Cited by 2
Semız, G. K., Yıldırım, B. Ç., YÜKSEL, B. T., Öztürk, N., & Irmak, M. (2023) · Journal of Turkish Science Education · doi:10.36681/tused.2023.032 · Cited by 2
The Critical Thinking about Conspiracies (CTAC) Test: Development and ValidationPreprint
O’Mahony, C., Linehan, C., & Murphy, G. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xvbh3 · Cited by 2
Baseer, N. A. M. A., & Shaheen, H. S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-75360-x · Cited by 1
“The results of Alper et al. 21 study reported that a higher belief in intuition, uncertainty avoidance, and conspiracy beliefs were associated with a higher level of belief in a conspiracy theory regarding COVID-19.”
BackgroundResultReligious Beliefs as a Mediator Between Conspiracy Beliefs and Health Behaviors
Şenyurt, A. Y. (2025) · Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.11616/asbi.1585793 · Cited by 2
“In a study conducted in Turkey, Nefes (2014) that political party representatives’ attitudes toward conspiracy theories were in line with justifying their political views.”
Unpacking Conspiracy Mentality Through Cross-Country Predictors
Senette, C., & Popa, V. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3611158 · Cited by 1
“Empirical evidence from pandemic-related contexts [71], [72], [73] confirms that low institutional trust, combined with populist worldviews, is a powerful predictor of conspiracy mentality .”
Pakpour, A. H., Eriksson, M., Ahorsu, D. K., Broström, A., Bengtsson, S., Jakobsson, M., & Huus, K. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03737-2 · Cited by 1
“Moreover, impulsivity increased among adolescents who were under social isolation during the pandemic [20, 21] or who had higher beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories [22].”
Reaction time analysis as a method of studying cognitive conflict in mental models
Kurbanov, K. A., & Loginov, N. (2026) · Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology · doi:10.17759/jmfp.2026150113 · Cited by 1
Ayhan, R., & Çapar, H. (2026) · Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.31067/acusaglik.1853219 · Cited by 1
Personal Correlates of Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy
Furnham, A. F. (2022) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2022.141003 · Cited by 1
Postmodern Salgın ve Popüler Dindarlık: Yeni Medya Eksenli Psikososyal Bir Analiz
BALTACI, A. (2022) · Medya ve Din Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.47951/mediad.1054792 · Cited by 1
Haag, K., Toit, S. D., Mikuš, N., Skeen, S., Roberts, K. J. S., Marlow, M., Notholi, V., Sambudla, A., Chideya, Y., Sherr, L., et al. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15310-w · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, in a Turkish sample, impulsivity was associated with both lower H1N1- and COVID-related hygiene behaviours [19, 20].”
BackgroundPait, K. C., Exline, J. J., Schutt, W. A., & Wilt, J. A. (2023) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2023.2258178 · Cited by 1
“Three studies from Turkey (Alper et al., 2021), Portugal and Spain (Brito-Costa et al., 2022), and Slovenia (Zeli č et al., 2022) collected data via online surveys and revealed signi fi cant, positive correlations between religiosity and belief in COVID-19 conspiracies.”
Alqarni, Y. S., Alsulami, F. T., Alhomoud, F. K., Alhomoud, F., Alshayban, D., Alamer, K. A., Alshehail, B. M., Alsultan, M. M., Alanazi, A. A., Algarni, M. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13247610 · Cited by 1
“As a comparison to other countries, in Poland and China where COVID-19 booster hesitancy ranged from 5% to 30% [16,21], though many of these surveys were conducted before official booster approvals.”
Conspiracy mindset and anti-Americanism: the Turkish case
Erişen, C., & Şar, B. (2025) · Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties · doi:10.1080/17457289.2025.2483685 · Cited by 1
Turska–Kawa, A., & Pilch, I. (2025) · Communication Today · doi:10.34135/communicationtoday.2025.vol.16.no.1.8 · Cited by 1
Furnham, A. F. (2022) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2022.149068 · Cited by 1
van Mulukom, V. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/z5b4f · Cited by 2
Ük, B., & Bahçekapılı, H. G. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1603792/v1 · Cited by 1
Perceived Corruption is a Robust Associate of Conspiracy, Paranormal, and Pseudoscience BeliefsPreprint
Alper, S., Düzgün, A., Atalay, E. D., & Yılmaz, O. (2024) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/b5928 · Cited by 1
Латынов, В. В., & Vanin, A. V. (2021) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.10.438
Theoretical Model of Behavioral Consequences of Faith in Conspiracy Theory
Ярош, Н. С., & Artiukhova, V. (2021) · Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. A Series of Psychology · doi:10.26565/2225-7756-2021-70-10 · Cited by 1
Vargas, P. A., Lee, N. M., & Barclay, S. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.27665
Karić, T., & Međedović, J. (2022) · Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2022.2093151
Alzahrani, A. Y., & Mandoura, N. A. (2022) · Medical Science · doi:10.54905/disssi/v26i124/ms237e2348
(2022) · International Journal of Psychological Research and Reviews · doi:10.28933/ijprr-2022-08-0506hcne
Karaköse, S. (2022) · Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.31682/ayna.1080127
Li, H. (2023) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2023.2214720
“Recently, personality and social psychologists have begun to explore the role of environment in the emergence of attitudes toward COVID-19 health guidelines, such as restrictive travel limitations (Alper et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMonological or Ideological? Themes and Psychosocial Predictors of Conspiracy BeliefPreprint
Cosgrove, T. J., Bahr, M., & Fritzon, K. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2kwbx
Dulal‐Arthur, T. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31119-2_12
Harnessing Moral Cognition to Save Lives
Landy, J. F., & Perry, A. D. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197615133.003.0034
Depicting Socio-Psychological Profile of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitators and Rejecters
Đorđević, J. M., & Međedović, J. M. (2023) · Psihologijske teme · doi:10.31820/pt.32.3.9
Összeesküvés-elméletekben való hit, korai maladaptív sémák és személyiségjellemzők
Mirnics, Z., Nagy, V., Szilágyi, T., & Rózsa, S. (2022) · Psychologia Hungarica Caroliensis · doi:10.52993/psyhung.10.2022.3.5
Cosgrove, T. J., Bahr, M., & Fritzon, K. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ka7jb
Vu, N. C., Manata, B., & High, A. C. (2024) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid4070071
“These factors include political ideology [6,31], level of education [6], and age [27].”
BackgroundThe effect of thinking styles on belief in conspiracy theories in the context of Covid-19
Baruh, L., Ustaoğlu, B., Cemalcılar, Z., & Kuru, O. (2025) · SN Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43545-024-01032-2
“Recent studies have identified cognitive style as a predictor of beliefs in conspiracy theories in general (Alper et al. 2021; Stanley et al. 2021) and in relation to Covid-19 (Hartmann and Müller 2023).”
Antisemitische Verschwörungstheorien in Erwachsenenbildungseinrichtungen in Europa.
Firsova-Eckert, E. (2024) · Bürgerbewusstsein · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-46115-7_3
Bensley, D. A., Rodrigo, M. F., Bravo, M. J., & Jocoy, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82644-3_4
Cosgrove, T. J., Bahr, M., & Fritzon, K. (2025) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ka7jb_v2
Jarašiūnaitė–Fedosejeva, G. (2025) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101642 · Cited by 1
Duindam, H. M., Asscher, J. J., & Lösel, F. A. (2025) · European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10610-025-09634-z
“For conspiracy belief, a direct association with aggression is not expected, although a relation between impulsiveness and COVID-19 conspiracy belief has been found previously (Alper et al., 2021).”
Kirpich, A., Shishkin, A., Lhewa, P., Adeniyi, E., Norris, M., Chowell, G., Gankin, Y. V., Skums, P., & Tchernov, A. P. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.250440
Trucharte, A., Peinado, V., Valiente, C., Contreras, A., Espinosa, R., Shevlin, M. E., & Vázquez, C. (2025) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2025.2573476
“Belonging to marginalized groups, higher religiosity, extreme political ideologies, heightened anxiety, mistrust in authorities, and reduced analytical thinking have also been linked to conspiracy beliefs (Alper et al., 2021; Freeman & Bentall, 2017).”
Tsamakis, K., Tsiptsios, D., Stubbs, B., Ma, R., Romano, E., Mueller, C., Ahmad, A., Triantafyllis, A. S., Tsitsas, G., & Dragioti, E. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21456119
Youssef, D., Bleibel, L., & Abboud, E. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26596892
Haag, K., Du Toit, S., Mikuš, N., Skeen, S., Roberts, K. J. S., Marlow, M., Notholi, V., Sambudla, A., Chideya, Y., Sherr, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26576237
Haag, K., Du Toit, S., Mikuš, N., Skeen, S., Roberts, K. J. S., Marlow, M., Notholi, V., Sambudla, A., Chideya, Y., Sherr, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26576243
Haag, K., Du Toit, S., Mikuš, N., Skeen, S., Roberts, K. J. S., Marlow, M., Notholi, V., Sambudla, A., Chideya, Y., Sherr, L., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26576240
Komplo Teorilerine İnanmanın Temelleri: Nesne İlişkileri ve Ahlaki Uzaklaşma Etkisi
Şenyurt, A. Y., & Adatepe, G. (2026) · Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.31682/ayna.1662551
Kikut, A., Jesch, E., Dhawan, D., McCloud, R. F., & Viswanath, K. (2026) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2026.2623409
“Other studies find no evidence of effects, either on adherence to HIV care (Gillman et al., 2013) or COVID-19 self-protective behaviors (Alper et al., 2021; Díaz & Cova, 2022; Earnshaw et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2020).”
Group psychology shapes health conspiracies and conspiracy mentality in three countries
Salalι, G. D., & Uysal, M. S. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-07069-3
“…control by perceiving patterns among seemingly unrelated events (Douglas et al. 2017; Kay et al. 2009; Sullivan et al. 2010), avoiding uncertainty (Alper et al. 2020; van Prooijen & Jostmann 2013), general mistrust in others (Goertzel, 1994), trust and belief in science (Rutjens et al. 2021;…”
COVID-19 Pandemisine Yönelik Komplo Teorilerinin Bireylerin Aşı Niyetine Etkisi
Balçık, S. M., Varol, E., & Taşbaş, E. H. O. (2026) · İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.17336/igusbd.1606645
Alper, S., Konukoğlu, K., Bayrak, F., Yener, C., Bağcı, E. S., Doğruyol, B., & Yılmaz, O. (2026) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672261463908
Griffith, Z. M., Royer, Z., Gaffney, A. M., & Hagger, M. S. (2026) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2026.2707302
Source credibility and issue type effects in misinformation correction in two non-western countries
Erişen, C., Kim, S.-Y., & Erişen, E. (2026) · Acta Politica · doi:10.1057/s41269-026-00445-6
Metadata
- Authors
- Alper, S., Bayrak, F., & Yilmaz, O.
- Affiliations
- Yaşar University (TR)
- Başkent University (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Alper, Sinan
- Venue
- Current Psychology
- Published
- 2020-06-29
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 5708-5717
- ISSN
- 1046-1310 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-4733
- PMC
- PMC7324005
- OpenAlex
- W3037825161
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 47.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Keywords
- COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, preventive measures, COVID-19 pandemic, faith in intuition, uncertainty avoidance, impulsivity, religiosity, right-wing ideology, cognitive reflection, risk perception, individual differences, Turkey
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
