The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 66 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 13 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos
Open accessAbstract
This predictive cross-sectional study investigated the link between climate change anxiety and mental health among 433 Filipinos.
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Claims the paper makes
7 Sources not found · 7 Own method · 5 Own result · 4 No full text of the sources · 4 Own interpretation · 1 Partly supported · 1 Check pending · accuracy not yet measured
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, we accepted our hypothesis that higher climate change anxiety predicts significantly lower mental health among our Gen Z Filipino participants.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The COVID-19 pandemic context did not substantially confound the observed relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With the value of r2 = .135 of the MHI-Index, our result indicated that 13.5% of the mental health index variance could be explained by an individual’s level of climate change anxiety.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Results
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we also found that climate change anxiety has a significant positive correlation with the MHI-38 global scale of Psychological Distress (r = .39, p < .001), but no correlation with the MHI-38 global scale of Psychological Wellbeing (r = −.05, p = .140).”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we also found that climate change anxiety has a significant positive correlation with the MHI-38 global scale of Psychological Distress (r = .39, p < .001), but no correlation with the MHI-38 global scale of Psychological Wellbeing (r = −.05, p = .140).”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the correlational analysis showed that climate change anxiety and mental health are significantly negatively correlated at the .001 level (r = −.37, p < .001).”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“When cleaning, scrubbing, and fixing activities are also done after experiencing a typhoon, the participants’ anxieties decrease (Baticula et al., 2014).”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Baticula et al., 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Thus, it was found that more religious people are less susceptible to having mental health problems (Castillo & Alino, 2020).”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Castillo & Alino, 2020 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Effects of climate change awareness on wellbeing will not be adverse if individuals are aware of the possible actions to mitigate climate change (Chukwuorji et al., 2017).”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Chukwuorji et al., 2017
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Bollettino et al. (2020) conducted a study on Filipino perception of climate change and discovered that Filipinos have an overall low public awareness about climate change. Only 12% of the respondents were found to be well-informed about the worsening climate.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bollettino et al. (2020) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This study’s findings align with Clayton’s (2020) suggestion that climate anxiety is not inherently indicative of a mental health problem.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Clayton’s (2020)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
- It may state two separate claims as one. 5
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This statement is consistent with Talik's (2013) report, where it was found that religious coping is associated with better adjustment and does not indicate psychological distress.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Talik's (2013) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page not provided) says positive religious coping is related to better functioning and correlates negatively with indicators of psychological distress. But it also says negative religious coping is associated with poorer adjustment and can be associated with greater distress. The claim omits this distinction and overgeneralizes to religious coping as a whole. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
In the paper
“Lastly, it was concluded that Filipinos also use mitigating measures which save lives, livelihood, and household assets they find significant.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Baticula et al., 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 487 Gen Z Filipinos were gathered, after which data were reviewed, and incomplete responses were excluded (n = 54); the final 433 data were then scored and statistically analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Method > Procedure
plainn = 433- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ethical approval for this study was granted by the UST College of Science Ethics Review Committee.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Method > Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In the meta-analysis of Soh et al. (2020), digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has shown significant efficacy in treating insomnia.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Soh et al. (2020) source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results indicate a significant but weak negative relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among the Gen Z Filipino participants”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The convenience sample of 433 online Gen Z Filipinos is representative of the broader Gen Z Filipino population.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants voluntarily completed the two scales in randomized order (MHI-CCAS or CCAS-MHI) to control possible systematic order effects.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Method > Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“With that said, Baticula et al. (2014) reported that Filipinos cope with the effects of environmental disasters using preventive measures, receiving social support, and turning to faith.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Baticula et al. (2014)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The MHI-38 in the present study obtained the following Cronbach’s alphas: Psychological Wellbeing (.92), Psychological Distress (.87), MHI-Index (.78).”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Method > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All the participants completed the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (Clayton & Karazsia, 2020) and the Mental Health Inventory (Veit & Ware, 1983) after giving their informed consent.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Method > Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present study, the overall CCAS score and the Cognitive-Emotional Impairment and Functional Impairment subscale scores obtained Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities of .90, .86, and .83.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Method > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On a positive note, climate change anxiety allows people to adapt and prepare for future events.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Hence, Filipinos highly use religious coping as this generates growth and encourages feelings of significance amidst stressful situations (as cited in Baticula et al., 2014).”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites as cited in Baticula et al., 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The data was subjected further to regression analysis while controlling the variables: age, sex, and severe calamities experienced to determine whether climate change anxiety can predict mental health.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in treating people with psychiatric and mental health disorders and people with medical conditions.”
§ An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Zhang & Ho, 2017 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The convenience sample of 433 online Gen Z Filipinos is representative of the broader Gen Z Filipino population.
“The convenience sampling technique was used to gather Gen Z Filipinos residing in the Philippines who voluntarily participated online with no remuneration.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The COVID-19 pandemic context did not substantially confound the observed relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health.
“It is important to note that this study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Filipino culture is collectivist.
“The Philippines is known to have a collectivist culture.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“All nine studies investigating symptoms of psychological distress found significant small-to-large (r = .17 to 0.70) positive associations [41, 43–45, 51, 54, 55, 68, 70].”
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reyes, M. E. S., Carmen, B. P. B., Luminarias, M. E. P., Mangulabnan, S. A. N. B., & Ogunbode, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Santo Tomas (PH)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Reyes, Marc Eric S.
- Venue
- Current Psychology
- Published
- 2021-07-15
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 7448-7456
- ISSN
- 1046-1310 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-4733
- PMC
- PMC8280276
- OpenAlex
- W3177597289
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 41.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Keywords
- climate anxiety, mental health, Generation Z, psychological distress, psychological well-being, climate change impacts, Filipino youth
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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