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Cited by 68Lower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesKnee injuries and reconstruction techniquesMuscle activation and electromyography studies

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Patellofemoral Mechanics: a Review of Pathomechanics and Research Approaches

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Wheatley, Mitchell G. A., Rainbow, Michael J., Clouthier, Allison L.·2020·Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
DOI 10.1007/s12178-020-09626-yPMC PMC7251040
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Abstract

Purpose of review The patellofemoral joint is a complicated articulation of the patella and femur that is prone to pathologies. The purpose of this review is to report on the current methods of investigating patellofemoral mechanics, factors that affect joint function, and future directions in patellofemoral joint research with emerging technologies and techniques. Recent findings While previous hypotheses have suggested that the patella is only a moment arm extender, recent literature has suggested that the patella influences the control of knee moments and forces acting on the tibia as well as contributes to various aspects of patellar function with minimal neural input. With advancements in simulating a six-degrees-of-freedom patellofemoral joint, we have gained a better understanding of patella motion and have shown that geometry and muscle activations impact patella mechanics. Research into influences on patella mechanics from other joints such as the hip and foot has become more prevalent. In this review, we report current in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches to studying the patellofemoral joint. Kinematic and anatomical factors that affect patellofemoral joint function such as patella alta and tilt or bone morphology and ligaments are discussed. Moving forward, we suggest that advanced in vivo dynamic imaging methods coupled to musculoskeletal simulation will provide further understanding of patellofemoral pathomechanics and allow engineers and clinicians to design interventions to mitigate or prevent patellofemoral pathologies.

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Metadata

Authors
Wheatley, M. G. A., Rainbow, M. J., & Clouthier, A. L.
Affiliations
  • Queen's University (CA)
  • University of Ottawa (CA)
Corresponding author
Rainbow, Michael J.
ORCID
Venue
Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-05-11
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
326-337
ISSN
  • 1935-973X (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-9748
DOI
10.1007/s12178-020-09626-y
PMC
PMC7251040
OpenAlex
W3024810650
Cited by
68
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
FWCI
0.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Keywords
patellofemoral joint, patellar kinematics, patellar tilt, patella alta, patellar tendon, knee joint moments, musculoskeletal modeling

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