Cerebellar Disorders in Childhood: Cognitive Problems
Open accessAbstract
Over the last decade, increasing evidence of cognitive functions of the cerebellum during development and learning processes could be ascertained. Posterior fossa malformations such as cerebellar hypoplasia or Joubert syndrome are known to be related to developmental problems in a marked to moderate extent. More detailed analyses reveal special deficits in attention, processing speed, visuospatial functions, and language. A study about Dandy Walker syndrome states a relationship of abnormalities in vermis lobulation with developmental problems. Further lobulation or volume abnormalities of the cerebellum and/or vermis can be detected in disorders as fragile X syndrome, Downs's syndrome, William's syndrome, and autism. Neuropsychological studies reveal a relation of dyslexia and attention deficit disorder with cerebellar functions. These functional studies are supported by structural abnormalities in neuroimaging in these disorders. Acquired cerebellar or vermis atrophy was found in groups of children with developmental problems such as prenatal alcohol exposure or extreme prematurity. Also, focal lesions during childhood or adolescence such as cerebellar tumor or stroke are related with neuropsychological abnormalities, which are most pronounced in visuospatial, language, and memory functions. In addition, cerebellar atrophy was shown to be a bad prognostic factor considering cognitive outcome in children after brain trauma and leukemia. In ataxia teleangiectasia, a neurodegenerative disorder affecting primarily the cerebellar cortex, a reduced verbal intelligence quotient and problems of judgment of duration are a hint of the importance of the cerebellum in cognition. In conclusion, the cerebellum seems to play an important role in many higher cognitive functions, especially in learning. There is a suggestion that the earlier the incorrect influence, the more pronounced the problems.
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The cerebellar hemispheres have been linked to higher-order cerebral functions including language, working memory, planning, and behavioral sequencing.
“The cerebellar hemispheres have been linked to several higher-order cerebral functions including language, working memory, planning and behavioral sequencing [e.g., 192, 256].”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [256]
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- Authors
- Steinlin, M.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Steinlin, Maja
- ORCID
- Steinlin, Maja
- Venue
- The Cerebellum
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 607-610
- ISSN
- 1473-4222 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-4230
- OpenAlex
- W2092535419
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- The Cerebellum (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- cerebellar disorders, cerebellar hypoplasia, Joubert syndrome, Dandy-Walker malformation, cerebellar vermis, fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, attention deficit disorder, cerebellar atrophy, prenatal alcohol exposure, preterm birth, cerebellar tumor, stroke, ataxia telangiectasia, learning, neuropsychological deficits, visuospatial ability, language deficits, memory
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cerebellar Diseases, Cerebellum, Child, Cognition Disorders, Dyslexia, Fragile X Syndrome, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Language Disorders, Learning Disabilities, Neuropsychology, Space Perception, Visual Perception
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