Cited by 301Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchSchizophrenia research and treatment

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ADHD and autism: differential diagnosis or overlapping traits? A selective review

Taurines, Regina, Schwenck, Christina, Westerwald, Eva, Sachse, Michael, Siniatchkin, Michael, Freitag, Christine·2012·ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders

DOI 10.1007/s12402-012-0086-2

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Abstract

According to DSM-IV TR and ICD-10, a diagnosis of autism or Asperger Syndrome precludes a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, despite the different conceptualization, population-based twin studies reported symptom overlap, and a recent epidemiologically based study reported a high rate of ADHD in autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the planned revision of the DSM-IV TR, dsm5 (www.dsm5.org), the diagnoses of autistic disorder and ADHD will not be mutually exclusive any longer. This provides the basis of more differentiated studies on overlap and distinction between both disorders. This review presents data on comorbidity rates and symptom overlap and discusses common and disorder-specific risk factors, including recent proteomic studies. Neuropsychological findings in the areas of attention, reward processing, and social cognition are then compared between both disorders, as these cognitive abilities show overlapping as well as specific impairment for one of both disorders. In addition, selective brain imaging findings are reported. Therapeutic options are summarized, and new approaches are discussed. The review concludes with a prospectus on open questions for research and clinical practice.

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Authors: Taurines, R., Schwenck, C., Westerwald, E., Sachse, M., Siniatchkin, M., & Freitag, C.
Affiliations: University of Würzburg (DE)
Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
Corresponding author: Freitag, Christine
ORCID: Taurines, Regina
Schwenck, Christina
Siniatchkin, Michael
Freitag, Christine
Venue: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-08-01
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Pages: 115-139
ISSN: 1866-6116 (ISSN-L)
1866-6647
DOI: 10.1007/s12402-012-0086-2
OpenAlex: W1997676278
Semantic Scholar: 601252a3b7217d656cd092c3e96fcf2074110a66
Cited by: 301
References: 246
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 3.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, Asperger syndrome, differential diagnosis, comorbidities, symptom overlap, DSM-5, risk factors, proteomics, attention, reward processing, social cognition, neuroimaging, treatment
MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants, Animals, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Autistic Disorder, Behavior Therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Proteomics, Neuroimaging

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