Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 468

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

A Review of Genesis and Evolution of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Some Future Directions

Lumb, Ashok, Sharma, T. C., Bibeault, Jean-François·2011·Water Quality, Exposure and Health

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s12403-011-0040-0

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 103

  1. Abrahao R, Carvalho M, da Silva Junior WR, Machado TTV, Gadelha CLM, Hernadez MIM (2007) Use of index analysis to evaluate the water quality of a stream receiving industrial effluents. Water SA 33:459–466
  2. Almeida C, Quintar S, Gonzalez P, Mallea M (2008) Assessment of irrigation water quality: a proposal of a quality profile. Environ Monit Assess 142:149–152 · doi:10.1007/s10661-007-9916-7
  3. Aloui BZ, Gueddari M (2009) Long-term water quality monitoring of the Sejnane reservoir in northeast Tunisia. Bull Eng Geol Environ 68:307–316 · doi:10.1007/s10064-009-0186-1
  4. Avvannavar SM, Shrihari S (2008) Evaluation of water quality index for drinking water purposes for river Natravati, Manglore, South India. Environ Monit Assess 143:279–290 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Backman B, Bodis D, Lahermo P, Rampant S, Tarvainen T (1998) Application of a groundwater contamination index in Finland and Slovakia. Environ Geol 36(1–2):55–64 · doi:10.1007/s002540050320
  6. Bascaron M (1979) Establishment of a methodology for the determination of water quality. Bol Inf Medio Ambient 9:30–51. CIMA, MOPU, Madrid
  7. Bhargava DS (1985) Expression for drinking water supply standards. J Environ Eng. Div 111(3):304–316 · doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1985)111:3(304
  8. Bhatt JP, Pandit MK (2010) A macro-invertebrate based new biotic index to monitor river quality. Curr Sci 99(2):196–203
  9. Bordalo AA, Savva-Bordalo J (2007) The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Water Res 41:2978–2986 · DOI
  10. Bordalo AA, Teixeira R, Wiebe W (2006) A water quality index applied to an international shared river basin: the case of the Douro River. Environ Manag 38:910–920 · DOI
  11. Boyacioglu H (2007) Development of a water quality index based on a European classification scheme. Water SA 33:101–106
  12. Boyacioglu H (2010) Utilization of the water quality index method as a classification tool. Environ Monit Assess 167:115–124. doi: 10.1007/s10661-009-1035-1 · doi:10.1007/s10661-009-1035-1
  13. Brown RM, McClelland NI (1974) Up from chaos: the water quality index as an effective instrument in water quality management. National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor, p 27
  14. Brown RM, McClelland NI, Deininger RA, Tozer RG (1970) A water quality index—Do we dare? Water Sew Works 117(10):339–343
  15. Chaturvedi MK, Bhasin JK (2010) Assessing the water quality index of water treatment plant and bore holes in Delhi, India. Environ Monit Assess 163:449–453. doi: 10.1007/s10661-009-0848-2 · DOI
  16. Cooper J, Rediske R, Northup M, Thogerson M, van Denend A (1998) Agricultural water quality index. Robert B Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, p 75. WRI Publication # MR-98-1
  17. Cude CG (2001) Oregon water quality index: a tool for evaluating water quality management effectiveness. J Am Water Resour Assoc 37(1):125–137 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Cude CG (2005) Accommodating change of bacterial indicators in long term water quality data sets. J Am Water Resour Assoc 41(1):47–54 · DOI
  19. Cude CG (2008) Interpretation and communication of water quality data using the Oregon water quality index (OWQI). State of Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Laboratory and Environmental Assessment Division, Portland. Can be viewed at www.deq.state.or.us/lab/wqm/wqindex.htm
  20. de Rosemond S, Duro DC, Dube M (2009) Comparative analysis of regional water quality in Canada using water quality index. Environ Monit Assess 56:23–240. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0480-6 · DOI
  21. Debels P, Figueroa R, Urrutia R, Barra R, Niell X (2005) Evaluation of water quality in the Chillan river (Central Chile), using physical and chemical parameters and a modified water quality index. Environ Monit Assess 110:301–322 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Deininger RA, Maciunas JM (1971) Water quality index for public water supplies. Department of Environment and Industrial Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  23. Dinius SH (1972) A social accounting system for evaluating water. Water Resour Res 8(5):1159–1177 · doi:10.1029/wr008i005p01159
  24. Dinius SH (1987) Design of water quality index. Water Resour Bull, Am Water Resour Assoc 23(5):823–843
  25. Dojlido JR, Best GA (1993) Chemistry of water and water pollution. Ellis Horwood, London
  26. Dojlido J, Raniszewski J, Woyciechowska J (1994) Water quality index application for river in Vistula River basin in Poland. Water Sci Technol 30(10):57–64 · doi:10.2166/wst.1994.0511
  27. Dube M, Johnson B, Dunn G, Culp J, Cash K, Munkittrick K, Wong I, Hedley K, Booty W, Lam D, Resler O, Storey A (2006) Development of a new approach to cumulative effects assessment: a northern river ecosystem example. Environ Monit Assess 113:87–115 · DOI
  28. Dunnette DA (1979) A geographically variable water quality index used in Oregon. J Water Pollut Control Fed 51(1):53–61
  29. Fernandez N, Ramirez A, Sonalo F (2004) Physico-chemical water quality indices—a comparative review. Bistua, Rev Fac Cienc Basic 2(1):19–30. ISSN 0120-4211
  30. Fulazzaky MA (2009) Water quality evaluation system to assess the Brantas River water. Water Resour Manag 23:3019–3033. doi: 10.1007/s11269-009-9421-6 · doi:10.1007/s11269-009-9421-6
  31. Fulazzaky MA, Seong TW, Masirin MIM (2010) Assessment of water quality status for the Selangor River in Malaysia. Water Air Pollution 205:63–77. doi: 10.1007/s11270-009-0056-2 · doi:10.1007/s11270-009-0056-2
  32. Giuseppe B, Guidice RL (2010) Application of two water quality indices as monitoring and management tools of rivers. Case study: the Imera Meridiopnale River Italy. Environ Manag 45:856–867. doi: 10.1007/sD00267-010-9450-1 · doi:10.1007/s00267-010-9450-1
  33. Hallock D (2002) A water quality index for ecology’s stream monitoring program. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia. Publication No. 002-03-052
  34. Harkins RD (1974) An objective water quality index. J Water Pollut Control Fed 46(3):588–591
  35. Hèbert S (2005) Comparison between the index of overall quality of water in Quebec (IQBP) the water quality index CCME (WQI) for the protection of aquatic life, Quebec. Ministry of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks Department in Monitoring the State of Environment, Québec. ISBN:2-550-45900-8
  36. Horton RK (1965) An index number system for rating water quality. J Water Pollut Control Fed 37(3):300–306
  37. House MA (1989) A water quality index for river management. J Water Environ Manag 3:336–344 · DOI
  38. House MA (1990) Water quality indices as indicators of ecosystem change. Environ Monit Assess 5:255–263 · doi:10.1007/bf00394892
  39. Husain T (2001) Canadian water quality index determination for three EMAN sites. In: Ecological monitoring and assessment network. Environment Canada, Burlington
  40. Inhaber H (1974) An approach to a water quality index for Canada. Water Res 9:821–833 · doi:10.1016/0043-1354(75)90142-6
  41. Iowa DNR Report (2006) Iowa’s ambient water monitoring program, water fact sheet 2006-8. Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey, Iowa City
  42. Ip WC, Hu WQ, Wong W, Xia J (2009) Application of grey relational method to river environment quality evaluation in China. J Hydrol (Amst) 379:284–290 · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.10.013
  43. Jinturkar AM, Deshmukh SS, Agarkar SV, Chavan GR (2010) Determination of water quality index by fuzzy logic approach: a case of ground water in an Indian town. Water Sci Technol 61(8):1987–1994 · doi:10.2166/wst.2010.095
  44. Joseph J, Parameswaran G (2005) Water quality index of different areas in Calicut City. Asian J Chem 18:740–742
  45. Karr JR (1981) Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6(6):21–27 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Khan F, Husain T, Lumb A (2003) Water quality evaluation and trend analysis at selected watersheds of the Atlantic Region of Canada. Environ Monit Assess 88:221–242 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Khan A, Tobin A, Paterson R, Khan H, Warren R (2005) Application of CCME procedures for deriving site specific water quality guidelines for the CCME water quality index. Water Qual Res J Can 40:448–456 · DOI
  48. Kumar A, Dua A (2009) Water quality index for assessment of water quality of river Ravi at Madhopur (India). Glob J Environ Sci 8(1):49–57
  49. Kung H, Ying L, Liu Y (1992) A complementary tool to water quality indices: fuzzy clustering analysis. Water Resour Bull 28(3):525–533 · DOI
  50. Landwehr JM (1974) Water quality indices: construction and analysis. PhD thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
  51. Landwehr JM, Deininger RA (1974) An objective of water quality index. Environ Monit Assess, J Water Pollut Control Fed 46(7):1804–1807
  52. Landwehr JM, Deininger RA (1976) A comparison of several water quality indices. J Water Pollut Control Fed 48(5):954–958
  53. Landwehr JM (1979) A statistical view of class of water quality indices. Water Resour Res 15(2):460–468 · DOI
  54. Lermontov A, Yokyama L, Lermontov M, Machado RDI (2009) River quality analysis using fuzzy water quality index: Ribeira do Iguape river watershed, Brazil. Ecol Indic 9:1188–1197 · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.02.006
  55. Liebman H (1969) Atlas of water quality, methods and practical conditions. Oldenbourg, Munich
  56. Linstone HA, Murray T (1975) The Delphi method: techniques and applications. Addison Wesley, Reading
  57. Liou SM, Lo SL, Wang SH (2004) A generalized water quality index for Taiwan. Environ Monit Assess 96:35–52 · DOI · Paper page
  58. Lumb A, Halliwell D, Sharma T (2006) Application of the CCME water quality index to monitor. Water quality: a case study of the Mackenzie river basin, Canada. Environ Monit Assess 113:411–429 · DOI · Paper page
  59. McClelland NI, Brown RM, Deininger RA (1976) WQI—enhancing appreciation of quality improvement. National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor
  60. McDuffie B, Haney JT (1973) A proposed river pollution index. American Chemical Society, Division of Water, Air and Waste Chemistry, New York
  61. Nagles JW, Davies-Colley RJ, Smith DG (2001) A water quality index for contact recreation in New Zealand. Water Sci Technol 43(5):285–292 · DOI
  62. Nikoo MR, Kerachian R, Malakpor-Estalaki S, Bassi-Azghadi SN, Azimi-Ghadikolaee MM (2010) A probabilistic water quality index for river quality assessment: a case study. Environ Monit Assess. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1842-4 · doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1842-4
  63. NL (2008) Agrifood water quality index (AFWQI). Water Resources Management Division, Department of Environment and Conservation, Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s. Can be viewed at http://www.env.gov.nl.ca/Env/env/waterres/Groundwater/Real_Time/afwqi.pdf
  64. Ott WR (1978) Environmental quality indices: theory and practice. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor
  65. Parparov A, Hambright KD (2007) Composite water quality: evaluation and management feedbacks. Water Qual Res J Can 42(1):20–25 · doi:10.2166/wqrj.2007.004
  66. Pesce SF, Wunderlin DA (2000) Use of water quality indices to verify the impact of Cordoba City (Argentina) on Suquia River. Water Res 34:2915–2926 · DOI · Paper page
  67. Prati L, Pavanell R, Pesarin F (1971) Assessment of surface water quality by a single index of pollution. Water Res 5:741–751 · DOI · Paper page
  68. Price DHA (1974) Water quality monitoring systems: the practice and experience in the United Kingdom. In: Deininger RA (ed) Design of environmental information systems. An Arbor Science, Ann Arbor
  69. Qian Y, Migliaccio W, Wan Y, Li Y (2007) Surface water quality evaluation using multivariate methods and a new water quality index in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Water Resour Res 43:W08405 · doi:10.1029/2006wr005716
  70. Ramachandramoorthy T, Sivasankar V, Subramaniam V (2010) The seasonal status of chemical parameters in shallow coastal aquifers of Rameswaran Island, India. Environ Monit Assess 160:127–139 · doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0663-1
  71. Reynoldson TB, Rosenberg DR, Day KE, Norris RH, Resh VH (1997) The reference condition: comparison of multimetric & multivariate approaches to assess water-quality impairment using benthic macroinvertebrates. J N Am Benthic Soc 16:833–852 · DOI · Paper page
  72. Reynoldson TB, Logan C, Pascoe T, Thompson SP (2003) Canadian aquatic biomonitoring network (CABIN). Invertebrate Bio-monitoring, Field & Laboratory Manual National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington. Can be viewed at http://cabin.cciw.ca/Application/Downloads/cabin_protocol.doc
  73. Rickwood CJ, Carr JM (2009) Development and sensitivity analysis of a global drinking water quality index. Environ Monit Assess 156:73–90 · DOI
  74. Rocchini R, Swain LG (1995) The British Columbia water quality index. Water Quality Branch, Environmental Protection Department, British Columbia Ministry of Environment Land and Parks, Victoria, p 13
  75. Ross SL (1977) An index system for classifying river quality. Water Pollut Control 76(1):113–122
  76. Saeedi M, Abessi O, Sharifi F, Meraji H (2010) Development of ground water quality index. Environ Monit Assess 163:327–335. doi: 10.1007/s10661-009-0837-5 · DOI
  77. Said A, Stevens DK, Sehlke G (2004) An innovative index for evaluating water quality in streams. Environ Manag 34(3):406–414 · DOI · Paper page
  78. Sargaonkar A, Deshpande V (2003) Development of an overall index of pollution for surface water based on a general classification scheme in Indian context. Environ Monit Assess 89:43–67 · DOI · Paper page
  79. Sarkar C, Abbasi SA (2006) Qualidex—a new software for generating water quality index. Environ Monit Assess 119:201–231 · DOI
  80. Sedeno-Diaz JE, Lopez-Lopez E (2007) Water quality in the Rio Lerma. Mexico: an overview of the last quarter of the twentieth century. Water Resour Manag 21:1797–1812 · doi:10.1007/s11269-006-9128-x
  81. Shuhaimi-Othman M, Lim EC, Mushrifah I (2007) Water quality changes in Chini Lake, Pahang West Malaysia. Environ Monit Assess 131:279–292 · DOI
  82. Simões FS, Moreira AB, Bisinoti MC, Nobre Gimenez SM, Yabe MJS (2008) Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecol Indic 8(5):476–484 · DOI · Paper page
  83. Sladecek V (1973) System of water quality from biological point of view. In: Mai V (ed) Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. Advances in Limnology, vol 7. E. Schweizerbart‘sch Verlagsbuch-handling, Stuttgart, p 218. ISBN:978-3-510-47005-1 paperback
  84. Smith DG (1990) A better water quality indexing system for rivers and streams. Water Res 24(10):1237–1244 · DOI · Paper page
  85. Soltan ME (1999) Evaluation of groundwater quality in Dakhla Oasis (Egyptian Western Desert). Environ Monit Assess 57:157–168 · doi:10.1023/a:1005948930316
  86. Stambuk-Giljanovic N (1999) Water quality evaluation by index in Dalmatia. Water Res 33(16):3423–3440 · DOI
  87. Stambuk-Giljanovic N (2003) Comparison of Dalmatian water values indices. Water Environ Res 75(5):338–405 · DOI
  88. Steinhart CE, Schierow LJ, Chesters G (1981) A review of water quality and related Indices. Great Lakes Environmental Planning Study contribution No 38, Water Resources Centre, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
  89. Steinhart CE, Schierow LJ, Sonzogni WC (1982) An environmental quality index for the Great Lakes. Water Resour Bull 18(6):1025–1031 · doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00110.x
  90. Stingter TY, Ribeiro L, Carvalho Dill AMM (2006) Application of a groundwater quality index as an assessment and communication tool in agro-environmental policies—two Portuguese case studies. J Hydrol (Amst), 327:578–591. doi: 10.1016/j.hydrology.2005.12.01 · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.12.001
  91. Stojda A, Dojlido J (1983) A study of water quality index in Poland. WHO. Water Anal Bull 1:30–32
  92. Swamee PK, Tyagi A (2000) Describing water quality with aggregate index. J Environ Eng Div ASCE 126(5):450–455 · doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2000)126:5(451 · Paper page
  93. Tiwari TN, Mishra M (1985) A preliminary assessment of water quality index of major Indian rivers. Indian J Environ Prot 5(4):276–279
  94. Tobin A, Khan A, Khan H, Moores L, Taylor J (2007) Forestry water quality index—a planning tool for the assessment and communication of the impact of forestry activities on water quality. For Chron 83:207–214 · doi:10.5558/tfc83207-2
  95. Tsegaye T, Sheppard D, Islam KR, Johnson A, Tadess W, Atalay A, Marzen L (2006) Development of chemical index as a measure of in stream water quality in response to land-use and land-cover changes. Water Air Soil Pollut 174(1):61–79
  96. Tyson JM, House MA (1989) The application of a water quality index to river management. Water Sci Technol 21:1149–1159 · DOI
  97. Vignolo A, Pochettino A, Cicerone D (2006) Water quality assessment using remote sensing techniques: Medrano Creek, Argentina. J Environ Manag 81(4):429–433
  98. Walski TM, Parker FL (1974) Consumer’s water quality index. J Environ Eng Div ASCE 100(3):593–611 · DOI
  99. Wepener V, Euler N, van Vuren JHJ, du Preez HH, Kohler A (1992) The development of an aquatic toxicity index as a tool in the operational management of water quality in the Olifants River (Kruger National Park). Koedoe 35(2):1–9 · doi:10.4102/koedoe.v35i2.400
  100. Wepener V, van Vuren JHJ, du Preez HH (1999) The implementation of an aquatic toxicity index as a water quality monitoring tool in the Olifants River (Kruger National Park). Koedoe 42(1):85–96 · DOI
  101. Wright CR, Saffran KA, Anderson AM, Neilson RD, MacAlpine ND, Cooke SE (1999) A water quality index for agricultural streams in Alberta. In: The Alberta agricultural water quality index (AAWQI). Alberta Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture Program Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Edmonton, p 35
  102. Zandbergen PA, Hall KJ (1998) Analysis of the British Columbia water quality index for watershed managers: a case study of two small watersheds. Water Qual Res J Can 33(4):519–549 · DOI
  103. Zoabi B, Gueddari M (2008) Long term water quality monitoring of the Sejane reservoir in northeast Tunisia. Bull Eng Geol Environ. doi: 10.1007/s10064-009-0186-1 · doi:10.1007/s10064-009-0186-1

Cited by

See all 468

Metadata

Authors
Lumb, A., Sharma, T. C., & Bibeault, J.-F.
Venue
Water Quality, Exposure and Health
Published
2011-03-25
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
11-24
ISSN
  • 1876-1658 (ISSN-L)
  • 1876-1666
OpenAlex
W2051774206
Cited by
468
References
0
FWCI
7.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Review of Genesis and Evolution of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Some Future Directions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s12403-011-0040-0
The paper
Lumb, A., Sharma, T. C., & Bibeault, J.-F. (2011). A Review of Genesis and Evolution of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Some Future Directions. Water Quality, Exposure and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-011-0040-0

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.