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The paleo-synanthropic niche: a first attempt to define animal’s adaptation to a human-made micro-environment in the Late Pleistocene

Baumann, Chris·2023·Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
DOI 10.1007/s12520-023-01764-x
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Abstract

Synanthropic behavior, i.e., the behavior of wild animals that benefit from a shared ecology with humans, has existed long before the sedentarization of Homo sapiens during the Neolithic, around 10,000 years ago. This study describes and discusses the concept of an older animal-human relationship: paleo-synanthropic behavior and the associated paleo-synanthropic niche. Key features of this new niche are anthropogenic food waste from mobile hunter-gatherers as a stable food base for small opportunistic scavengers and a human-near environment safe from large predators. By linking the niche to human behavior rather than to a specific location or structure, this niche was accessible for a long time, even in the Late Pleistocene. Like modern synanthropic animals, members of the paleo-synanthropic niche experienced an increase in population density and a decrease in home range. This, in turn, made it easier for humans to capture these animals and use them as resources for meat, fur, or feathers, as seen in the zooarchaeological record of many European Late Pleistocene sites. As a disadvantage, diseases such as zoonoses may have spread more easily.

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  • Analogous processes of human environmental modification have been documented for animal species in the Late Pleistocene and for plant communities in the construction of artificial forest islands in Amazonian savannahs and in the deliberate enrichment of palm species in Amazonian forests.

    “analogous processes have been documented for animal species in the Late Pleistocene37, and, more relevantly for plant communities, in the construction of approximately 4700 artificial forest islands within seasonally flooded Amazonian savannahs during the Early Holocene38”

    From Ecological legacies of pre-columbian settlements evident in palm clusters of neotropical mountain forests (2026) · cites this paper as [37]

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Metadata

Authors
Baumann, C.
Venue
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-04-20
Volume
15
Issue
5
ISSN
  • 1866-9557
  • 1866-9565
DOI
10.1007/s12520-023-01764-x
Cited by
35
References
1
Language
en
Licence
Funders
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen

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