The Domestication of Animals
Abstract
Over the past 11,000 years humans have brought a wide variety of animals under domestication. Domestic animals belong to all Linnaean animal classes—mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, and even, arguably, bacteria. Raised for food, secondary products, labor, and companionship, domestic animals have become intricately woven into human economy, society, and religion. Animal domestication is an on-going process, as humans, with increasingly sophisticated technology for breeding and rearing animals in captivity, continue to bring more and more species under their control. Understanding the process of animal domestication and its reciprocal impacts on humans and animal domesticates requires a multidisciplinary approach. This paper brings together recent research in archaeology, genetics, and animal sciences in a discussion of the process of domestication, its impact on animal domesticates, and the various pathways humans and their animal partners have followed into domestication.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The availability of cultivated cereals may have catalyzed a shift in the relationship between people and red junglefowl consistent with the commensal pathway.
“The availability of cultivated cereals may have therefore catalyzed a shift in the relationship between people and red junglefowl consistent with the commensal pathway (95, 96).”
From The biocultural origins and dispersal of domestic chickens (2022) · cites this paper as [95]
Cites
Not By Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution
Richerson, P. J., & Boyd, R. (2004) · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226712130.001.0001 · Cited by 2,793 · see citing works
The variation of animals and plants under domestication /
Darwin, C. R. (1905) · J. Murray eBooks · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.84435 · Cited by 1,719 · see citing works
Genetic Evidence for an East Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs
Savolainen, P., Zhang, Y.-P., Luo, J., Lundeberg, J., & Leitner, T. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1073906 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Worldwide Phylogeography of Wild Boar Reveals Multiple Centers of Pig Domestication
Larson, G., Dobney, K. M., Albarella, U., Fang, M., Matisoo-Smith, E. A., Robins, J. H., Lowden, S., Finlayson, H. A., Brand, T. B., Willerslev, E., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1106927 · Cited by 912 · see citing works
Behavioral aspects of animal domestication
Price, E. O. (1984) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/413673 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking
Outram, A. K., Stear, N. A., Bendrey, R., Olsen, S. L., Kasparov, A., Zaibert, V. F., Thorpe, N., & Evershed, R. P. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1168594 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Early canid domestication: the farm-fox experiment.
Trut, L. (1999) · American Scientist · doi:10.1511/1999.2.160 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Smith, B. D. (2001) · Journal of Archaeological Research · doi:10.1023/a:1009436110049 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Sense and nonsense: evolutionary perspectives on human behaviour
Laland, K., & Brown, G. (2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-3388 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication
Driscoll, C. A., Menotti-Raymond, M., Roca, A. L., Hupe, K., Johnson, W. E., Geffen, E., Harley, E. H., Delibes, M., Pontier, D., Kitchener, A. C., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1139518 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
COMPARATIVE EVOLUTION OF CEREALS
Harlan, J. R., de Wet, J. M. J., & Price, E. G. (1973) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1973.tb00676.x · Cited by 522 · see citing works
The Origins of Agriculture: An Evolutionary Perspective
Jones, G., & Rindos, D. (1986) · Man · doi:10.2307/2803116 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
The Origins of Plant Cultivation and Domestication in the New World Tropics
Piperno, D. R. (2011) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/659998 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Documenting domestication: The intersection of genetics and archaeology
Zeder, M. A., Emshwiller, E., Smith, B. D., & Bradley, D. G. (2006) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2006.01.007 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Self-citationMultiple maternal origins of chickens: Out of the Asian jungles
Liu, Y.-P., Wu, G.-S., Yao, Y.-G., Miao, Y.-W., Luikart, G., Baig, M., Beja-Pereira, A., Ding, Z.-L., Palanichamy, M. G., & Zhang, Y.-P. (2006) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.014 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Naderi, S., Rezaei, H. R., Pompanon, F., Blum, M. G. B., Negrini, R., Naghash, H.-R., Balkız, Ö., Mashkour, M., Gaggiotti, O. E., Ajmone‐Marsan, P., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0804782105 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Early taming of the cat in Cyprus
Vigne, J.-D., Guilaine, J., Debue, K., Haye, L., & Gérard, P. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1095335 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Domestication of the donkey: Timing, processes, and indicators
Rossel, S., Marshall, F. B., Peters, J., Pilgram, T., Adams, M. D., & O'Connor, D. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0709692105 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Rapid Domestication of Marine Species
Duarte, C. M., Marbà, N., & Holmer, M. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138042 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
African Origins of the Domestic Donkey
Beja‐Pereira, A., England, P. R., Ferrand, N., Jordan, S., Bakhiet, A. O., Abdalla, M. A., Mashkour, M., Jordana, J., Taberlet, P., & Luikart, G. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1096008 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Criteria to Define Extinction Risk in Marine Fishes: The American Fisheries Society Initiative
Musick, J. A. (1999) · Fisheries · doi:10.1577/1548-8446(1999)024 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Hiendleder, S., Kaupe, B., Waßmuth, R., & Janke, A. (2002) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.1975 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Anderson, E. (1952) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520312548 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY OF DOMESTIC AND WILD CANIDS: THE INFLUENCE OF DEVELOPMENT ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE
Wayne, R. K. (1986) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00467.x · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Domestication: the decline of environmental appreciation
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-4535 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Evidence of three maternal lineages in near eastern sheep supporting multiple domestication events
Pedrosa, S., Uzun, M., Arranz, J. J., Gutiérrez‐Gil, B., Primitivo, F. S., & Bayón, Y. (2005) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3204 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Agricultural Origins and Frontiers in South Asia: A Working Synthesis
Fuller, D. Q. (2007) · Journal of World Prehistory · doi:10.1007/s10963-006-9007-7 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Speller, C. F., Kemp, B. M., Wyatt, S. D., Monroe, C., Lipe, W. D., Arndt, U. M., & Yang, D. Y. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0909724107 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Comparative social ecology of feral dogs and wolves
Boitani, L., & Ciucci, P. (1995) · Ethology Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1080/08927014.1995.9522969 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Two New Dogs, and Other Natufian Dogs, from the Southern Levant
Tchernov, E., & Valla, F. (1997) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1006/jasc.1995.0096 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Botai and the Origins of Horse Domestication
Levine, M. A. (1999) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1006/jaar.1998.0332 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Paedomorphosis affects agonistic visual signals of domestic dogs
GOODWIN, D., BRADSHAW, J. W. S., & WICKENS, S. M. (1997) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0370 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The covenant of the wild: why animals chose domestication
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-0999 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Kanginakudru, S., Metta, M., Jakati, R., & Nagaraju, J. (2008) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-174 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Zeder, M. A. (2001) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1006/jasc.1999.0555 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Hatchery Rearing on Brain Structures of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Marchetti, M., & Nevitt, G. A. (2003) · Environmental Biology of Fishes · doi:10.1023/a:1023269221678 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Size, shape and development in the evolution of the domestic dog
Morey, D. F. (1992) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/0305-4403(92)90049-9 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Mammalian Domestication and its Effect on Brain Structure and Behavior
Kruska, D. C. T. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70877-0_13 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Studies on early dog remains from Northern Europe
Benecke, N. (1987) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/s0305-4403(87)80004-3 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Helmer, D., Gourichon, L., Monchot, H., Peters, J., & Saña, M. (2005) · HAL · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Genetic analyses reveal independent domestication origins of Eurasian reindeer
Røed, K. H., Flagstad, Ø., Nieminen, M., Holand, Ø., Dwyer, M. J., Røv, N., & Vilà, C. (2008) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0332 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Biró, Z., Lanszki, J., Szemethy, L., et al. (2005) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1017/s0952836905006771 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
New evidence for Upper Palaeolithic small domestic dogs in South-Western Europe
Pionnier-Capitan, M., Bemilli, C., Bodu, P., Célérier, G., Ferrié, J., Fossé, P., Garcià, M., & Vigne, J. (2011) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2011.02.028 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Domestication—From behaviour to genes and back again
Jensen, P. (2006) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2005.11.015 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Corbett, L. K. (1979) · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Hallan Çemi, pig husbandry, and post-Pleistocene adaptations along the Taurus-Zagros Arc (Turkey)
Rosenberg, M., Nesbitt, R. M., Redding, R. W., et al. (1998) · Paléorient · doi:10.3406/paleo.1998.4667 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Origin of mitochondrial DNA diversity of domestic yaks
Guo, S., Savolainen, P., Su, J., Zhang, Q., Qi, D., Zhou, J., Zhong, Y., Zhao, X., & Liu, J. (2006) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-73 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The Wild Side of Animal Domestication
Russell, N. (2002) · Society and Animals · doi:10.1163/156853002320770083 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Early Domesticated Dogs of the Near East
Dayan, T. (1994) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1006/jasc.1994.1062 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Davis, S. (1983) · Paléorient · doi:10.3406/paleo.1983.4331 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Kumar, S., Nagarajan, M., Sandhu, J. S., Kumar, N., Behl, V., & Nishanth, G. (2007) · Animal Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01602.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Rehkámper, G., Frahm, H., & Cnotka, J. (2007) · Brain, Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000111458 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Assessing Fisheries – Using an Ethical Matrix in a Participatory Process
Kaiser, M., & Forsberg, E. (2001) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1023/a:1011300811590 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Animal Domestication in the Prehistoric Near East
Reed, C. A. (1959) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.130.3389.1629 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Working at relationships: another look at animal domestication
O'Connor, T. P. (1997) · Antiquity · doi:10.1017/s0003598x00084635 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The origins and spread of domestic animals in East Africa
Blench, R., & MacDonald, K. (2006) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203984239-21 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Domestication Processes and Morphological Change
Marshall, F. B., & Weissbrod, L. (2011) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/658389 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Starkovich, B. M., & Stiner, M. C. (2009) · Anthropozoologica · doi:10.5252/az2009n1a2 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Kruska, D. C. T., & R�hrs, M. (1974) · Anatomy and Embryology · doi:10.1007/bf00518633 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Domestication effects on foraging strategies in fowl
Andersson, M., Nordin, E., & Jensen, P. (2001) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(00)00195-7 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ingold, T. (1974) · Man · doi:10.2307/2801122 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Peters, J., & von den Driesch, A. (1997) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb05819.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Biological Evidence For Human Sedentism In Southwest Asia During The Natufian
Tchernov, E. (1991) · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Gil‐Sánchez, J. M., Valenzuela, G., & Sánchez, J. F. O. (1999) · ACTA THERIOLOGICA · doi:10.4098/at.arch.99-40 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
NOTES ON THE DOMESTICATION OF REINDEER
Mirov, N. T. (1945) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.1945.47.3.02a00030 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Sapir‐Hen, L., Bar‐Oz, G., Khalaily, H., & Dayan, T. (2009) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.03.015 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Ancient and modern steps during the domestication of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L.)
Spotorno, Á. E., Marín, J. C., Manríquez, G., et al. (2006) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00117.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Murphy, M. R. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0815-8_1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Plogmann, D., & ruska, D. X. U. K. X. U. (2008) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000115863 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Henry, D. O. (1989) · University of Pennsylvania Press eBooks · doi:10.9783/9781512816822 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Elucidating the ancestry of domestic reindeer from ancient DNA approaches
Røed, K. H., Flagstad, Ø., Bjørnstad, G., & Hufthammer, A. K. (2010) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.07.031 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ebinger, P., & Röhrs, M. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Rangifer and man: An ancient relationship
GORDON, B. H. C. (2003) · Rangifer · doi:10.7557/2.23.5.1651 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Fish-Farming and the Precautionary Principle: Context and Values in Environmental Science for Policy
Kaiser, M. (1997) · Foundations of Science · doi:10.1023/a:1009679923315 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Marliave, J. B., Gergits, W. F., & Aota, S. (1993) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.1430120506 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Genetics of Adrenal Size and Tameness in Colorphase Foxes
Keeler, C. E., RIDGWAY, S., Lipscomb, L., et al. (1968) · Journal of Heredity · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107655 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Traits relevant to the domestication of herbivores
Tennessen, T., & Hudson, R. J. (1981) · Applied Animal Ethology · doi:10.1016/0304-3762(81)90054-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Man and elephant The ‘dare theory’ of domestication and the origin of breeds
Baker, C. M., & Manwell, C. (1983) · Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.1983.tb00712.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Vigne, J. (2005) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The fauna from the terminal Pleistocene of Palegawra Cave
Turnbull, P. F., & Reed, C. A. (1974) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Evolution of Animal Domestication
Larson, G., & Fuller, D. Q. (2014) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135813 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication
Schubert, M., Jónsson, H., Chang, D., Der Sarkissian, C., Ermini, L., Ginolhac, A., Albrechtsen, A., Dupanloup, I., Foucal, A., Petersen, B., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1416991111 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Sánchez-Villagra, M. R., Geiger, M., & Schneider, R. A. (2016) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.160107 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
The history of farm foxes undermines the animal domestication syndrome
Lord, K. A., Larson, G., Coppinger, R. P., & Karlsson, E. K. (2020) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2019.10.011 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
The biocultural origins and dispersal of domestic chickens
Peters, J., Lebrasseur, O., Irving-Pease, E. K., Paxinos, P. D., Best, J., Smallman, R., Callou, C., Gardeisen, A., Trixl, S., Frantz, L., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2121978119 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Rabbits and the Specious Origins of Domestication
Irving-Pease, E. K., Frantz, L. A. F., Sykes, N., Callou, C., & Larson, G. (2018) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2017.12.009 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Vignal, A., Boitard, S., Thébault, N., Dayo, G., Yapi‐Gnaore, V., Youssao Abdou Karim, I., Berthouly‐Salazar, C., Pálinkás‐Bodzsár, N., Guémené, D., Thibaud‐Nissen, F., et al. (2019) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/1755-0998.13017 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dogs, but Not Wolves, Lose Their Sensitivity Toward Novelty With Age
Hansen Wheat, C., van der Bijl, W., & Temrin, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02001 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Balcarcel, A. M., Veitschegger, K., Clauss, M., & Sánchez-Villagra, M. R. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.0813 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Taye, M., Lee, W., Caetano-Anolles, K., Dessie, T., Cho, S., Jong Oh, S., Lee, H.-K., & Kim, H. (2018) · Cogent Food & Agriculture · doi:10.1080/23311932.2018.1552552 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mowry, C. B., Wilson, L. A., & vonHoldt, B. M. (2021) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d13080372 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zeder, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Smithsonian Institution (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zeder, Melinda A.
- ORCID
- Zeder, Melinda A.
- Venue
- Journal of Anthropological Research
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 161-190
- ISSN
- 0038-4801 (ISSN-L)
- 0091-7710
- 2153-3806
- OpenAlex
- W2088200338
- Semantic Scholar
- cb1270604740370f7cc39a81b9960a9f483d13ad
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Anthropological Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Geographies of human-animal interactions
- Keywords
- animal domestication, domestic animals, human-animal relations, animal breeding, livestock, companion animals, animal genetics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review