The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Scientific polarization
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Producing such evidence will be substantially more difficult if companies have a heavy hand in the production, funding, and communication of research (155, 156).”
From Stewardship of global collective behavior (2021) · cites this paper as [155]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.2098 · Cited by 4,583
Lyme Disease—a Tick-Borne Spirochetosis?
Burgdorfer, W., Barbour, A. G., Hayes, S. F., Benach, J. L., Grunwaldt, E., & Davis, J. P. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7043737 · Cited by 2,833
Opinion Dynamics and Bounded Confidence Models, Analysis and Simulation
Hegselmann, R., & Krause, U. (2002) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2,366
McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2011) · The Sociological Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01198.x · Cited by 2,340
The Dissemination of Culture: A Model with Local Convergence and Global Polarization
Axelrod, R. (1997) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002797041002001 · Cited by 1,918
Social Pressures in Informal Groups
Festinger, L., Schachter, S., & Back, K. (1950) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3707362 · Cited by 1,831
The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change
Oreskes, N. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1103618 · Cited by 1,814
An epidemic of oligoarticular arthritis in children and adults in three connecticut communities
Steere, A. C., Malawista, S. E., Snydman, D. R., Shope, R. E., Andiman, W. A., Ross, M. R., & Steele, F. M. (1977) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780200102 · Cited by 1,264
Jeffrey, R. C. (1965) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 1,145
Social Pressures in Informal Groups, a Study of Human Factors in Housing
Keller, M., Festinger, L., Schachter, S., & Back, K. W. (1952) · The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3348388 · Cited by 1,103
From private attitude to public opinion: A dynamic theory of social impact.
Nowak, A. K., Szamrej, J., & Latané, B. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.3.362 · Cited by 975
The disappearing center: engaged citizens, polarization, and American democracy
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-1737 · Cited by 864
Steere, A. C., Coburn, J., & Glickstein, L. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21681 · Cited by 787
Bala, V., & Goyal, S. (1998) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-937x.00059 · Cited by 777
The Division of Cognitive Labor
Kitcher, P. (1990) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2026796 · Cited by 772
Klempner, M. S., Hu, L. T., Evans, J., Schmid, C. H., Johnson, G. M., Trevino, R. P., Norton, D., Levy, L., Wall, D., McCall, J., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200107123450202 · Cited by 753
How can extremism prevail? A study based on the relative agreement interaction model
Deffuant, G., Amblard, F., Weisbuch, G., & Faure, T. (2002) · Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation · Cited by 480
The Epistemic Benefit of Transient Diversity
Zollman, K. (2009) · Erkenntnis · doi:10.1007/s10670-009-9194-6 · Cited by 475
Dynamics of Political Polarization
Baldassarri, D., & Bearman, P. (2007) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240707200507 · Cited by 455
Towards a theory of collective phenomena: Consensus and attitude changes in groups
Galam, S., & Moscovici, S. (1991) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420210105 · Cited by 387
The Disappearing Center: Engaged Citizens, Polarization, and American Democracy
Han, H. (2011) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfr042 · Cited by 381
The Role of the Priority Rule in Science
Strevens, M. (2003) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.5840/jphil2003100224 · Cited by 351
The Overdiagnosis of Lyme Disease
Steere, A. C. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500140064037 · Cited by 341
Rational irrationality: modeling climate change belief polarization using Bayesian networks
Cook, J., & Lewandowsky, S. (2016) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12186 · Cited by 332
The Communication Structure of Epistemic Communities
Zollman, K. (2007) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/525605 · Cited by 322
Mäs, M., & Flache, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074516 · Cited by 226
The misinformation age: How False Beliefs Spread.
Gawrylewski, A. (2019) · Scientific American · Cited by 226
Understanding Polarization: Meanings, Measures, and Model Evaluation
Bramson, A., Grim, P., Singer, D. J., Berger, W. J., Sack, G., Fisher, S., Flocken, C., & Holman, B. (2017) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/688938 · Cited by 216
Embers, M. E., Barthold, S. W., Borda, J. T., Bowers, L. C., Doyle, L. A., Hodzic, E., Jacobs, M. B., Hasenkampf, N. R., Martin, D. S., Narasimhan, S., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/f84663e3-0a2c-4243-8f97-3a58133c1b0f · Cited by 205
Belief polarization is not always irrational.
Jern, A., Chang, K.-M. K., & Kemp, C. (2014) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0035941 · Cited by 201
Embers, M. E., Barthold, S. W., Borda, J. T., Bowers, L. C., Doyle, L. A., Hodzic, E., Jacobs, M. B., Hasenkampf, N. R., Martin, D. S., Narasimhan, S., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029914 · Cited by 197
Comparing Extremism Propagation Patterns in Continuous Opinion Models
Deffuant, G. (2006) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 157
Dixit, A. K., & Weibull, J. W. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0702071104 · Cited by 152
The Independence Thesis: When Individual and Social Epistemology Diverge
Mayo‐Wilson, C., Zollman, K., & Danks, D. J. (2011) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/661777 · Cited by 150
Straubinger, R. K., Straubinger, A. F., Summers, B. A., & Jacobson, R. H. (2000) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/315340 · Cited by 109
In Epistemic Networks, Is Less Really More?
Rosenstock, S., Bruner, J., & O’Connor, C. (2016) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/690717 · Cited by 103
Self-citationNetwork Epistemology: Communication in Epistemic Communities
Zollman, K. (2013) · Philosophy Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2012.00534.x · Cited by 99
The Misinformation Age: How False Beliefs Spread
O’Connor, C., & Weatherall, J. O. (2018) · Cited by 94
Self-citationRational social and political polarization
Singer, D. J., Bramson, A., Grim, P., Holman, B., Jung, J., Kovaka, K., Ranginani, A., & Berger, W. J. (2018) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-018-1124-5 · Cited by 91
Conservatism and the Scientific State of Nature
Kummerfeld, E., & Zollman, K. (2015) · The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1093/bjps/axv013 · Cited by 88
A Bayesian Simulation Model of Group Deliberation and Polarization
Olsson, E. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5357-0_6 · Cited by 83
The Problem of Intransigently Biased Agents
Holman, B., & Bruner, J. (2015) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/683344 · Cited by 82
Conformity in scientific networks
Weatherall, J. O., & O’Connor, C. (2020) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-019-02520-2 · Cited by 62
Self-citationThe overdiagnosis of Lyme disease
Steere, A. C. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.14.1812 · Cited by 62
Barrett, J. A., & Skyrms, B. (2017) · The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1093/bjps/axv043 · Cited by 55
Galam, S. (2010) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2010.04.039 · Cited by 48
On the Hegselmann–Krause conjecture in opinion dynamics
Kurz, S., & Rambau, J. (2009) · The Journal of Difference Equations and Applications · doi:10.1080/10236190903443129 · Cited by 46
Collective beliefs versus individual inflexibility: The unavoidable biases of a public debate
Galam, S. (2011) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2011.03.021 · Cited by 41
The influence of persuasion in opinion formation and polarization
Rocca, C. E. L., Braunstein, L. A., & Vázquez, F. (2014) · Europhysics Letters (EPL) · doi:10.1209/0295-5075/106/40004 · Cited by 38
The influence of persuasion in opinion formation and polarization
la Rocca, C. E., Braunstein, L. A., & Vázquez, F. (2014) · CONICET Digital (CONICET) · Cited by 37
Barrett, J. A., Skyrms, B., & Mohseni, A. (2017) · The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1093/bjps/axx039 · Cited by 32
A Theory of Rational Attitude PolarizationPreprint
Benoît, J., & Dubra, J. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2529494 · Cited by 16
Angere, S. (2010) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · Cited by 8
Conformity in Scientific NetworksPreprint
Weatherall, J. O., & O’Connor, C. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3391343 · Cited by 7
Self-citationA Multi-Agent Model of Opinion Formation with Truth Seeking and Endogenous Leaders
Liu, Q., Zhao, J., Wang, L., & Wang, X. (2014) · IFAC Proceedings Volumes · doi:10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.00841 · Cited by 4
Correction to: Rational social and political polarization
Singer, D. J., Bramson, A., Grim, P., Holman, B., Jung, J., Kovaka, K., Ranginani, A., & Berger, W. J. (2018) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-018-1131-6 · Cited by 2
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Hegselmann, R., Krause, U., et al. (2006). Truth and cognitive division of labor: First steps towards a computer aided social epistemology. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 9(3), 10.
- Macy, M.W., Kitts, J.A., Flache, A., Benard, S. (2003). Polarization in dynamic networks: a Hopfield model of emergent structure. In R. Brieger, K. Carley, P. Pattison (Eds.) Dynamic social network modeling and analysis (pp. 162–173). Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
- Oreskes, N., & Conway, E. (2010). Merchants of doubt. New York: Bloomsbury Press.
- Weatherall, J.O., O’Connor, C., Bruner, J. (2018). How to Beat Science and Influence People. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.01239 . · arXiv
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stewardship of global collective behavior
Bak-Coleman, J. B., Alfano, M., Barfuss, W., Bergstrom, C. T., Centeno, M. A., Couzin, I. D., Donges, J. F., Galesic, M., Gersick, A. S., Jacquet, J., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2025764118 · Cited by 289
The Bias That Divides Us: The Science and Politics of Myside Thinking
Stanovich, K. E. (2021) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/13367.001.0001 · Cited by 152
Dorst, K. M. (2021) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.1215/00318108-10469499 · Cited by 122
Individual Representation in a Community of Knowledge
Rabb, N., Fernbach, P. M., & Sloman, S. A. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.07.011 · Cited by 109
The Grounds of Political Legitimacy
Peter, F. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198872382.001.0001 · Cited by 70
Metadata
- Authors
- O’Connor, C., & Weatherall, J. O.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- O’Connor, Cailin
- Venue
- European Journal for Philosophy of Science
- Published
- 2018-08-15
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 855-875
- ISSN
- 1879-4912 (ISSN-L)
- 1879-4920
- OpenAlex
- W2905051439
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 21.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal for Philosophy of Science (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- PhilSci-Archive (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1535139)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Game Theory and Applications
- Keywords
- belief polarization, social learning, evidence collection, true belief, belief updating, scientific communities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
