The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 109 of the 111 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Teff (Eragrostis tef) as a raw material for malting, brewing and manufacturing of gluten-free foods and beverages: a review
Open accessAbstract
The demand for gluten-free foods is certainly increasing. Interest in teff has increased noticeably due to its very attractive nutritional profile and gluten-free nature of the grain, making it a suitable substitute for wheat and other cereals in their food applications as well as foods for people with celiac disease. The main objective of this article is to review researches on teff, evaluate its suitability for different food applications, and give direction for further research on its applications for health food market. Teff is a tropical low risk cereal that grows in a wider ecology and can tolerate harsh environmental conditions where most other cereals are less viable. It has an excellent balance of amino acid composition (including all 8 essential amino acids for humans) making it an excellent material for malting and brewing. Because of its small size, teff is made into whole-grain flour (bran and germ included), resulting in a very high fiber content and high nutrient content in general. Teff is useful to improve the haemoglobin level in human body and helps to prevent malaria, incidence of anaemia and diabetes. The nutrient composition of teff grain indicates that it has a good potential to be used in foods and beverages worldwide. The high levels of simple sugars and α-amino acids as a result of breakdown of starch and protein, respectively, are essential for fermentation and beer making.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Other suitable cereal substitutes are sorghum and maize (23), as well as pseudocereals (24) chia, quinoa, teff, amaranth and buckwheat (23,25-27).”
From Gluten-free diet for pediatric patients with coeliac disease: A position paper from the ESPGHAN gastroenterology committee, special interest group in coeliac disease. (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Teff is commonly used in Ethiopia to make injera, a typical fermented bread-like food, but also other fermented products, such as soups and alcoholic beverages.49”
From Maternal and food microbial sources shape the infant microbiome of a rural Ethiopian population (2023) · cites this paper as [49]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases
Joint, W. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,890
Trumbo (2001) · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00078-5 · Cited by 4,852
Institute of Medicine (2001) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/10026 · Cited by 4,239
Health benefits of dietary fiber
Anderson, J. W., Baird, P., Davis Jr, R. H., Ferreri, S., Knudtson, M., Koraym, A., Waters, V., & Williams, C. L. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00189.x · Cited by 2,239
Nutrition Board. Panel on Micronutrients (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,675
Diet, Nutrition, and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases
Leong, A. (1992) · Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0031-3025(16)36541-2 · Cited by 1,633
Sorghum phytochemicals and their potential impact on human health
Awika, J. M., & Rooney, L. W. (2004) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.04.001 · Cited by 966
Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS)
Cock, I. E. (2011) · Pharmacognosy Communications · doi:10.5530/pc.2011.2.10 · Cited by 794
Recent advances in the formulation of gluten-free cereal-based products
Gallagher, E., Gormley, T. R., & Arendt, E. K. (2003) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2003.09.012 · Cited by 779
Lindeboom, N., Chang, P. R., & Tyler, R. T. (2004) · Starch - Stärke · doi:10.1002/star.200300218 · Cited by 765
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Bultosa G (2007) Physicochemical characteristics of grain and flour in 13 tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) grain varieties. J Appl Sci Res 3:2042–2051
- Demissie A (2000) Teff genetic resources in Ethiopia. In: Tefera H, Belay G, Sorrells M (eds) Narrowing the rift: teff research and development. Debrezeit, Ethiopia, pp 27–31
- Drost BW, Van der Berg R, Freijee FJM, Van der Velde EG, Hollemans M (1990) Flavor stability. J Am Soc Brew Chem 48:124–131
- FAO/WHO (Joint) Food Standards Program (1994) Codex standard for “gluten-free foods”, Codex Standard 118–1981. Codex Alimentarius 4:100–103
- Ferrier RJ (1992) Carbohydrate chemistry, volume 24: a review of chemical literature. Royal society of chemistry, London
- Glennie CW, Harris J, Liebenberg NVDW (1983) Endosperm modification in germinating sorghum grain. Cereal Chem 60:27–31
- Helbing J (2009) Konfokale laser scanning-mikroskopie und rasterelektronenmikroskopie zur beobachtung der mälzung verschiedener zerealien und pseudozerealien. Technische Universität München, Germany
- Jane JL, Shen L, Wang L, Maningat CC (1992) Preparation and properties of small-particle cornstarch. Cereal Chem 69:280–283
- Kühbeck F, Back W, Krottenthaler M (2006) Release of long-chain fatty acids and zinc from hot zrub to wort. Monschr Brauwiss 59:67–77
- Molineaux L, Biru M (1965) Tef consumption, hookworm infestation, and hemoglobin levels: a preliminary report. J Health 51(1):1–5
- National Research Council (1996) Lost crops of Africa. Volume 1: grains. National Academy Press, Washington DC
- Outtrup H (1989) Haze active peptides in beer. In: Proceedings of the 22nd congress of European Brewery Convention, Zurich, pp 609–616
- Sanni LO, Ikuomola DP, Sanni SA (2001) Effect of length of fermentation and varieties on the qualities of sweet potato gari. In: Proceedings of the 8th triennial symposium of the international society for tropical root crops—Africa branch (ISTRC-AB), Ibadan, Nigeria, pp 208–211
- Tadesse E (1969) Teff (Eragrostis tef): the cultivation, usage and some of the known diseases and insect pests, part I. Debre Zeit Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 60. Alemaya University of Agriculture, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
- Tefera H, Assefa K, Hundera F, Kefyalew T, Teklu Y, Gugsa L, Ketema S, Adnew T (2001) Progress of teff breeding research in Ethiopia. In: Tefera H, Belay G, Sorells M (eds) Narrowing the rift: teff research development. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Addis Ababa, pp 157–163
- Tefera H, Ayele M, Assefa K (1995) Improved varieties of tef (Eragrostis tef) in Ethiopia, releases of 1970–1995. Research bulletin no 1. Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Alemaya University of Agriculture, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–254 of 254
Elif, K. U. R. T., Şeref, B., Levent, H., & Solmaz, B. (2025) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.70041 · Cited by 1
Rakau, P. N., Shimelis, H., Mashilo, J., & Wanga, M. A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-12610-6 · Cited by 1
Gebremeskel, A. F., Adane, G., & Abegaz, K. (2025) · Cogent Food & Agriculture · doi:10.1080/23311932.2025.2579352 · Cited by 1
Debbarma, S., Subburamu, K., Balachandar, D., Ramalakshmi, A., Giridhari, V. A., & Chandrakumar, K. (2026) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-026-05053-4 · Cited by 1
Nutritional Benefits of Selected Plant-Based Proteins as Meat Alternatives
Yıkmış, S., Atan, R. M., Kağan, N., Gülüm, L., Aksu, H., & Alpaslan, M. (2018) · Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7350-0.ch004 · Cited by 1
NUTRACEUTICAL POTENTIAL OF VERMICELLI PREPARED BY GLUTEN-FREE COMPOSITE FLOUR
AGARWAL, S., & Chauhan, E. S. (2022) · International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2022v14i1.44116 · Cited by 1
Pseudocereals: Teff Characteristics and Properties as Novel Food Ingredient
Basile, A., Velotto, S., & Ferranti, P. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823960-5.00002-0 · Cited by 1
Ikusika, O. O., & Mpendulo, C. T. (2022) · Journal of Applied Animal Research · doi:10.1080/09712119.2022.2124999 · Cited by 1
DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF ERAGROSTIS TEF AS A FLOUR ALTERNTIVE
(2022) · Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.34302/crpjfst/2022.14.3.14 · Cited by 1
Lamichhane, R., & Walsh, O. S. (2023) · Crops & Soils · doi:10.1002/crso.20260 · Cited by 1
Significance of teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) as a new fodder crop for Bulgaria
Cholakova, A., Zhelyazkova, T., & Gerdzhikova, M. A. (2023) · Agricultural Science and Technology · doi:10.15547/ast.2023.04.032 · Cited by 1
Remote sensing estimation of chlorophyll content in rape leaves in Weibei dryland region of China
Xia, L., Zhang, P., Shi, L., Wang, K., & Zhang, T. (2025) · Open Geosciences · doi:10.1515/geo-2022-0756 · Cited by 1
Nakata, Y., Idota, S., Tobisa, M., & Ishii, Y. (2018) · Agricultural Sciences · doi:10.4236/as.2018.91010 · Cited by 1
Planting Method and Nutrient Management in Teff (Eragrostis tef)-A Review
Ashoka, P., Sunitha, N. H., & Nagangoudar, M. B. (2020) · International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences · doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020.901.016 · Cited by 1
Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., Ambarish, S., & Sridhara, S. (2022) · Journal of Entomological Research · doi:10.5958/0974-4576.2022.00034.2 · Cited by 1
Vegetable Protein Functionality From Milk Analogue To Fiber
Vanessa, J., & Galante, R. (2013)
Caso Clínico: Tratamiento Multidisciplinar de una Malformación Venosa Submandibular
Weiss, E. P., Cuéllar, I. N., & Alonso, M. G.-H. (2018) · Revista ORL · doi:10.14201/orl.19378
Investigation on Mineral Characterization of Powder Injera
Mulatu, B. (2019) · National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia · doi:10.20372/nadre/7647
Kore, T. (2020) · Food science and quality management · doi:10.7176/fsqm/102-03
Noguera, D. L. C., & Eugenia, R. (2016)
Zainol, N., Yaakob, H., Rahim, N. E. A. A., Manas, N. H. A., Karim, N. A., & Zaidel, D. N. A. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.101890
Golmohamadi, A., Rossi, M., & Vojoudi, H. (2022) · International Journal of Research Publications · doi:10.47119/ijrp1001021620223250
Reta, C., Asmellash, T., Atlabachew, M., & Anteneh, B. M. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4201030
Nutrigenomics: Insights into the influence of nutrients on functional dynamics of genomes
Mir, R. A., Shafi, S. M., & Zargar, S. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99045-5.00005-7
조리방법에 따른 테프 추출물의 항산화 및 대장암세포 성장 억제 활성 변화
서, 진., 이, 중., & Song, J.-Y. (2023) · 한국식품조리과학회지 · doi:10.9724/kfcs.2023.39.1.53
Beyene, A. K., & Degefu, S. (2024) · Advances · doi:10.11648/j.advances.20240501.11
Beyene, A. K. (2024) · Advances in life science and technology · doi:10.7176/alst/100-02
Tef (Eragrostis Tef [Zucc.] Trotter) Bitkisinin Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı
YILDIZ, S. (2024) · Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.53433/yyufbed.1419294
New Challenges and Future Perspectives in Nutrition and Sustainable Diets in Africa
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4883-7
Unit operations in pseudocereals and heritage grains processing
Modupalli, N., Sunil, C. K., & Venkatachalapathy, N. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-18965-4.00014-5
Amasiddha, B., Sangappa, Umakanth, A. V., Satyavathi, C. T., & Singh, P. K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-4043-0_10
Tigabu, B., Baye, K., & Getachew, P. (2025) · Multidisciplinary Science Journal · doi:10.31893/multiscience.2025488
Waktola, M., & Dabalo, A. (2025) · Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.11648/j.jps.20251303.16
Grain structure and grain chemical composition
Serna-Saldivar, S. O., & Espinosa‐Ramírez, J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23954-0.00015-x
Introduction to Millet Processing Technologies: Current Scenario, Scope, and Prospects
Naraharasetti, B., Chakraborty, S., Siliveru, K., & Varaprasad, P. V. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99864-5_1
Mutation breeding in small millets: approaches, advances, challenges, and prospects
Monika, S., Vanniarajan, C., Vetriventhan, M., Sakthivel, K., Ramesh, T., & Meena, S. (2025) · Cereal Research Communications · doi:10.1007/s42976-025-00695-8
Ashoka, P., & Nagangoudar, M. B. (2025) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.1002/agj2.70166
Anagaw, Y. K., Hymete, A., & Ashenef, A. (2025) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-025-03781-x
Girmay, F. D., Flavel, R. J., & Nonhebel, H. M. (2025) · Discover Agriculture · doi:10.1007/s44279-025-00387-1
Daş, İ., & KÖKTEN, K. (2025) · Turkish Journal of Range and Forage Science · doi:10.51801/turkjrfs.1785097
Boruah, T., & Daimary, D. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-4802-6_11
Garg, R., Jat, M. L., Badoni, P., Nath, H., & Upadhyaya, V. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09502-2_11
Geletu, M. (2026) · International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences · doi:10.11648/j.ijics.20261101.12
Ali, A. M., Ateye, M. D., Jama, H. M., & Mahamud, N. D. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8749648/v1
Marsha, S., Kore, T., Seifu, M., & Zeleke, W. A. (2026) · Journal of Food Processing and Preservation · doi:10.1155/jfpp/6847140
Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control in Teff in the Mediterranean Area
Monni, V., Pannacci, E., & Tei, F. (2026) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy16060618
Teff allergy in children with regular household exposure
Liu, V. Y., Morse, I.-M., Jaynes, A., Sinnwell, E., Stockbridge, J. L., Bayer, D. K., Shreffler, W. G., & Burk, C. M. (2026) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2026.03.034
Quantifying Growth and Lodging in Tef ( Eragrostis tef ) With Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS)
Brown, K. E., Schuhl, H., Srivastava, D., Beyene, G., Li, M., Fahlgren, N., & Murphy, K. M. (2026) · Plant Direct · doi:10.1002/pld3.70173
Fetouhi, A., Bourekoua, H., Ayad, R., Djeghim, F., Bouchrit, M., Mosbah, A., Kerbab, K., D’Elia, M., Rastrelli, L., & Cherak, S. (2026) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods15111867
Tiguh, E. E., Delele, M. A., Ali, A. N., Fanta, S. W., Kidanemariam, G., & Bayable, M. (2026) · Journal of Cereal Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2026.104480
Teff: A Nutritional Powerhouse for Sustainable and Gluten-Free Diets
Amit, S., Bhargavi, G., Pandit, V. B., Afrose, M., Chatterjee, S., & Tarik, A. (2026) · Reference series in phytochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91605-2_24-1
Tura, M., Roccatello, R., Erica, B., Valli, E., Girmay, G., Gebreegziabher, Z., Setti, M., & Toschi, T. G. (2026) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods15173080
Gluten-free and gluten-reduced beer
Appelbee-Miedl, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-36465-5.00012-6
Tesfa, Y., Belete, F., & Tena, W. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0360297
Metadata
- Authors
- Gebremariam, M. M., Zarnkow, M., & Becker, T.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Gebremariam, Mekonnen Melaku
- Venue
- Journal of Food Science and Technology
- Published
- 2012-06-02
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2881-2895
- ISSN
- 0022-1155 (ISSN-L)
- 0975-8402
- PMC
- PMC4571201
- OpenAlex
- W1973193311
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 0.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Food Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Technische Universität München
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Seed and Plant Biochemistry
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Natural Products and Applications
- Keywords
- Eragrostis tef, gluten-free foods, malting, brewing, beer, celiac disease, whole grain flour, amino acid composition, nutritional profile, fermentation, health foods
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
