The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Innovative pilot plant capacitive deionization for desalination brackish water
Open accessAbstract
Abstract A semi-industrial demineralization facility was used in six CDI cells to desalinate in two steps. A desalination cycle lowered the feedwater salinity from 1 to 0.5 g/L and produced 200 l/h of demineralized water. This process may be repeated to increase efficiency. Initially, feedwater commenced at 1 g/L. Monitoring both voltage and current during the salt ion removal indicated that CDI cells may recover 30% of the energy utilized. Furthermore, V–Q curves using charge and voltage measurements increased energy recovery by 30%. By cutting off the CDI cells' power source, the electrodes' operating voltage was recorded between 0.85 and 0.9 V, much lower than the external contacts' 1.2 V. The desalination system's efficiency could rise if the electrode voltage was measured and adjusted. In conclusion, storage tanks can provide desalinated water while minimizing water waste; hence, they should be installed. This study examined the physical–technical parameters of a CDI desalination system through experiments and several operational modes. Moreover, it revealed CDI desalination system improvements.
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A pilot-scale CDI system using six CDI cells and a two-step desalination process has shown promise in lithium recovery.
“In parallel, the pilot-scale CDI system has also shown promise in lithium recovery through a two-step desalination process using six CDI cells.”
From Electrochemical Direct Lithium Extraction: A Review of Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization Technologies (2025) · cites this paper as [119]
The Flow-through CDI facility and Conclusion sections describe a six-cell, two-stage desalination system. They report brackish-water desalination, not lithium recovery; a search for lithium recovery found no supporting passage in our copy. Page numbers were not provided. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOptimized operational voltages between 0.85 and 0.9 V facilitated energy recovery of approximately 30% in the pilot-scale CDI system.
“Optimized operational voltages between 0.85 and 0.9 V facilitated energy recovery of approximately 30%”
From Electrochemical Direct Lithium Extraction: A Review of Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization Technologies (2025) · cites this paper as [119]
The Operating voltage measurements section reports an electrode voltage of 0.85–0.9 V, and the Conclusion reports that CDI cells could recover around 30% of the energy spent removing salt ions. The paper does not say that this voltage range was optimized or that operating at it facilitated the energy recovery. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe pilot-scale CDI system reduced feed water salinity from 1 g/L to 0.5 g/L.
“This system reduced feed water salinity from 1 g/L to 0.5 g/L”
From Electrochemical Direct Lithium Extraction: A Review of Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization Technologies (2025) · cites this paper as [119]
The pilot-scale CDI system produced approximately 200 L/h of demineralized water.
“and produced approximately 200 L/h of demineralized water.”
From Electrochemical Direct Lithium Extraction: A Review of Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization Technologies (2025) · cites this paper as [119]
The pilot-scale CDI system is energy efficient.
“underscoring its energy efficiency [119].”
From Electrochemical Direct Lithium Extraction: A Review of Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization Technologies (2025) · cites this paper as [119]
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Citations
Cites
Review on the science and technology of water desalination by capacitive deionization
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Long-lasting, monovalent-selective capacitive deionization electrodes
Guyes, E. N., Shocron, A. N., Chen, Y., Diesendruck, C. E., & Suss, M. E. (2021) · npj Clean Water · doi:10.1038/s41545-021-00109-2 · Cited by 84
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New testing procedures of a capacitive deionization reactor
García‐Quismondo, E., Gómez, R., Vaquero, F., López‐Cudero, A., Palma, J., & Anderson, M. A. (2013) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c3cp50514f · Cited by 70
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Knowledge and Technology Used in Capacitive Deionization of Water
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Energy Consumption in Capacitive Deionization for Desalination: A Review
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Liu C, Ma X, Ma L, Xu Y, Wang F, Huang L et al (2021) A novel asymmetric CDI device for targeted removal of cation in water desalination. Environ Technol 22:1–34
- Suss ME, Porada S, Sun X, Biesheuvel PM, Yoon J, Presser V (2015) Water desalination via capacitive deionization: what is it and what can we expect from it? Energy and environmental science. R Soc Chem 8:2296–2319
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Sorted by citations
Park, J., Lee, J., Shim, I.-T., Kim, E., Nam, S.-H., Koo, J.-W., & Hwang, T.-M. (2025) · Resources · doi:10.3390/resources14020027 · Cited by 44
“Optimized operational voltages between 0.85 and 0.9 V facilitated energy recovery of approximately 30%, underscoring its energy efficiency [119].”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Alotaibi, Z. S., Alharbi, K. N., Alharbi, Y., & Almoiqli, M. S.
- Affiliations
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Almoiqli, Mohammed S.
- Venue
- Applied Water Science
- Published
- 2024-01-22
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 2190-5487 (ISSN-L)
- 2190-5495
- OpenAlex
- W4391075687
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Water Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST-ART/2-2015)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Membrane Separation Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Freezing and Crystallization Processes
- Keywords
- capacitive deionization, brackish water desalination, energy recovery, current-voltage curves, electrode voltage, demineralized water, storage tanks
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