Empagliflozin Induces Transient Diuresis Without Changing Long-Term Overall Fluid Balance in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
INTRODUCTION: Empagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, ameliorates hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by inducing sustained glucosuria. Empagliflozin treatment was previously associated with a transient increase in 24-h urine volume in Caucasian patients with T2D, however comparable evidence in Japanese T2D individuals is scarce. We therefore assessed acute and chronic changes in 24-h urine volume and fluid intake with empagliflozin in Japanese patients with T2D. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multiple-dose, 4-week trial, 100 Japanese patients with T2D were randomized to receive either 1, 5, 10, or 25 mg empagliflozin or placebo once-daily. Changes from baseline in 24-h urine volume and fluid intake were assessed at days 1, 27, and 28 after the initiation of empagliflozin. RESULTS: The 24-h urine volume and fluid intake were comparable across all treatment groups at baseline. Patients treated with either 10 or 25 mg empagliflozin (i.e., the licensed doses in Japan) showed a significant increase in 24-h urine volume compared to placebo at day 1 (mean change from baseline: + 0.83, + 1.08, and + 0.29 L/day in the empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg groups and the placebo group, respectively; both p < 0.001 vs. placebo). However, 24-h urine volume levels in the empagliflozin groups were comparable to placebo at day 27 and 28 (differences vs placebo < 0.1 L/day; p > 0.05). The 24-h fluid intake was comparable across all study groups throughout the entire study period. No events consistent with dehydration were reported during empagliflozin treatment. CONCLUSION: Treatment initiation with empagliflozin in Japanese patients with T2D was associated with transient diuresis; however, overall urine volume returned towards baseline levels within 4 weeks of treatment. These findings are consistent with a physiological, adaptive mechanism of the kidney to maintain overall body fluid balance in response to treatment initiation with a SGLT2 inhibitor. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00885118. FUNDING: Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd.
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The magnitude of a hemodynamic or natriuretic action of empagliflozin appears to be modest and is typically short-lived.
“Although the early benefits of empagliflozin to prevent clinical deterioration may suggest the possibility of a hemodynamic or natriuretic effect, the magnitude of such an action appears to be modest and is typically short-lived.”
From Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Yasui, A., Lee, G., Hirase, T., Kaneko, T., Kaspers, S., von Eynatten, M., & Okamura, T.
- Affiliations
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Japan) (JP)
- Eli Lilly (Japan) (JP)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Yasui, Atsutaka
- Okamura, Tomoo
- Venue
- Diabetes Therapy
- Published
- 2018-02-27
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 863-871
- ISSN
- 1869-6953 (ISSN-L)
- 1869-6961
- PMC
- PMC6104279
- OpenAlex
- W2788464339
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 5.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd.
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- empagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitors, type 2 diabetes, diuresis, 24-hour urine volume, fluid intake, fluid balance, glycosuria, Japanese patients, dehydration risk, dose-response relationship, adverse drug reactions, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, drug discontinuation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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