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Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare
Open accessAbstract
Self-tracking devices point to a future in which individuals will be more involved in the management of their health and will generate data that will benefit clinical decision making and research. They have thus attracted enthusiasm from medical and public health professionals as key players in the move toward participatory and personalized healthcare. Critics, however, have begun to articulate a number of broader societal and ethical concerns regarding self-tracking, foregrounding their disciplining, and disempowering effects. This paper has two aims: first, to analyze some of the key promises and concerns that inform this polarized debate. I argue that far from being solely about health outcomes, this debate is very much about fundamental values that are at stake in the move toward personalized healthcare, namely, the values of autonomy, solidarity, and authenticity. The second aim is to provide a framework within which an alternative approach to self-tracking for health can be developed. I suggest that a practice-based approach, which studies how values are enacted in specific practices, can open the way for a new set of theoretical questions. In the last part of the paper, I sketch out how this can work by describing various enactments of autonomy, solidarity, and authenticity among self-trackers in the Quantified Self community. These examples show that shifting attention to practices can render visible alternative and sometimes unexpected enactments of values. Insofar as these may challenge both the promises and concerns in the debate on self-tracking for health, they can lay the groundwork for new conceptual interventions in future research.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The paper analyzes the polarized debate over self-tracking for health and personalized healthcare, arguing that it is fundamentally about the values of autonomy, solidarity, and authenticity. It proposes a practice-based approach and uses examples from the Quantified Self community to show alternative, sometimes unexpected, enactments of those values.
Key findings
- The debate is structured by three polarizations: empowerment vs. surveillance and discipline; improved overall health vs. the disintegration of state and collective responsibility for health; and greater self-knowledge vs. reductionism and the non-impartiality of numbers.
- Both advocates and critics appeal to the same values—autonomy, solidarity, and authenticity—so reframing the debate around values clarifies the stakes and ties it to broader socio-political transformations.
- A practice-based approach shows Quantified Self self-trackers enact autonomy through n = 1 self-experiments, custom categories, and resistance to being tracked by others; solidarity through sharing data, communal/confessional meetings, and group studies or public data contributions; and authenticity through data as a supplement to storytelling and a “qualified self,” rather than pure data fetishism.
- The paper reports contextual numbers: a 2013 Pew study found 1 in 5 Americans use technology to track their health; almost 2 billion people worldwide were estimated to use digital devices to track health by 2017; some 97,000 mobile health apps existed; 485 million wearable devices were expected to be released annually by 2018; and the Quantified Self community had over 60,000 members in over 200 groups with two international conferences a year.
Methods
- Design: conceptual and philosophical analysis of the promises and concerns surrounding self-tracking for health and personalized healthcare, followed by a proposed practice-based framework.
- Data or sample: observations and interviews carried out within the Quantified Self community at various meetings and international conferences between 2013 and 2015, including QSEU14 and QSEU15.
- Main analysis: identifies three key polarizations, reframes them in terms of autonomy, solidarity, and authenticity, and uses ethnographic examples to describe how those values are enacted in specific self-tracking practices.
Limitations
- The paper states that the debate remains highly speculative, tends to configure users unrealistically—either as rational consumers making autonomous health choices or as victims oblivious to insidious forces—and is detached from the everyday experiences of people actually using self-tracking devices.
- The paper states that its examples are drawn from the Quantified Self, a very specific group of “early adopters,” which limits broader conclusions; it calls for other empirical sites such as chronic patients, people who stop using self-tracking devices, non-users, and older people.
- Evident from the text: the empirical basis is illustrative rather than systematically described; no sample size, recruitment strategy, or coding/analysis procedure for the observations and interviews is reported, and the paper does not resolve which enactments of values should be normatively preferred, leaving that to future research.
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Claims the paper makes
58 Own interpretation · 36 No basis given · 29 Not checked yet · 3 Own method · 3 Own result
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet, for members of QS, and arguably for many selftrackers beyond QS, a crucial aspect of self-tracking is the opportunity to share their data with others and to participate in self-tracking communities of various sorts.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indeed, selftracking experiments typically focus on aspects of individuals' lives that are disturbing, painful, or embarrassing: struggles with weight loss, mental health and disease, bad habits, or undesirable character traits-sensitive issues that are not easily revealed in most contexts and that are given a voice via the abstract language of numbers.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Often, self-tracking data is referred to as a supplement, an additional layer of information that enhances or contributes to broader understandings and self-narratives.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As one participant at QSEU14 explained concerning physical activity tracking, quite some Bcross-checking^and Bre-calibration^goes on between one's intuitions and what the data shows, and rather than a blind faith in the latter over and above the former, an attempt to align both ensues.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A Bspirit of autonomy,^as Wolf calls it, also runs through many of the origin stories of the QS community as they are told and re-told at QS meetings, where tracking often takes on more explicit forms of challenging scientific and medical authority.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For many QSers, the data generated by self-tracking does not straightforwardly produce a definitive truth, a one-to-one representation of their health, life, or identity.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was also the creation of a reflective space in which the user could come to terms with loss on her own terms, unhindered by the social conventions that govern the grieving process, such as expectations of how long it should take and how much one should be immersed in it.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Autonomy, here, is enacted by either hacking and dismantling tracking devices, something that a number of the tech-savvy members of QS enjoy doing or, more commonly, by defining and constituting their own tracking parameters and analytical categories.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For many QSers, then, sharing tracking experiences becomes a means of reaching out to others who endure similar hardships, and of offering knowledge, support, and solace, while getting some in return.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The knowledge that QSers gain from their n = 1 experiments is highly particularistic and idiosyncratic, as they ask Bwhat is the most favorable bedtime for me,^Bwhat is the diet regime that works best for me,^and Bwhat activities, nutriments, and environment correlate optimally in light of the conditions of my life?^”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 71
- It may state two separate claims as one. 22
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here, the idea that what is Bgood,^Bright,^or Bhealthy^for one person differs for every individual is a fundamental axiom.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“nor these practitioners' belief that their personal data is indeed a new natural resource that should be part of a commons.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a number of members throughout the community frequently engage in group studies that pool together individual self-experiments, organized by platforms like BGenomera^or BDoubleblinded,^or actively make their tracking data publicly available for researchers to use, for example, on the BOpen Humans^network.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In these gatherings, the show-and-tell format described above is the framework through which participants share their experiences, while data takes on the form of a Bcommon language^that Beveryone can relate to,^as per one participant at QSEU14, that makes this possible.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Self-disclosure and self-confrontation are commonplace in QS gatherings and infuse these meetings with a confessional quality.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The theme of storytelling is a recurrent one at QS meetings.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is no question that claims to Bcontributing to the public good^that are systematically and often loosely attached to these self-tracking practices need to be critically scrutinized.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At QSEU14, one participant explained that quantified data are like Bsignals^that are used in a form of Bdigital storytelling,^Bmingled in^with one's story.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The leaders of QS have also begun to actively position themselves as supporters of the trend toward Bcatalyzing the use of personal data for the public good^ (HDE 2016) and as mediators between stakeholders in the emerging landscape of public health research using personal health data.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites HDE 2016
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Quantified Self (QS) community is characterized by local meetings where members get together to share their first-hand experiences using self-tracking methods and tools in short show-and-tell presentations.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The movement's motto, Bself-knowledge through numbers,^and statements made by leading QS members in talks and articles do often smack of an excessive belief in the objectivity and truthfulness of numbers.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 2014, QS Labs helped coordinate a symposium at the Qualcomm Institute at the University of California, San Diego, that brought together researchers, public health officials, self-trackers, and business and technology representatives on the topic of voluntary and participatory public health research.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The BQS Public Health Symposium^has become an annual event that concurs with the research meetings of the Health Data Exploration Network.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, it is not clear from listening to QSers that, as Honing argues, Bthe true self, from this point of view […] emerges through information processing […] algorithmic systems that report back to us the true nature of who we are.^”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Horning 2013
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But the fact that they need to be asked does not suspend the solidaristic nature of these practices for practitioners”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In these self-experiments, QSers are constituted as subjects who do not fit categories (Nafus and Sherman 2014), for whom state-sponsored messages of health and industrydetermined variables and functions are often seen as ill-fitting or not fine-grained enough.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nafus and Sherman 2014
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One of the important discussions that has animated the QS community in the past years, moreover, has been the question of how self-tracking data can contribute to public health and, more specifically, the question of how to make self-experimentation a more valid and accepted form of scientific knowledge production.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“an important distinction can be made between Btracking yourself^and Bbeing tracked by others,^between a Bdoctor putting you on a scale^and doing so yourself.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
In the paper
“This has led some QSers to begin speaking about a Bqualified self^ (Davis 2013) as a more accurate expression of the entanglements and negotiations between metrics and interpretive schemes that characterize the quest for self-knowledge.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Davis 2013
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather, for many QSers, while the self that is Breported back^from the algorithmic systems of tracking devices is taken be truthful to some extent, there is also an understanding that without context, data can only tell a partial story.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is part of what makes the Quantified Self such a fascinating site, particularly since many of the concerns raised by critics, about privacy, about who gets to interpret data and to what ends, are being discussed within the community.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 5 Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, for some trackers, numbers are not at all what self-tracking is really about.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third promise of self-tracking for health is greater knowledge: knowledge that will be more precise, more actionable, and that will cover ever more areas, including one's knowledge of oneself.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.3 Greater (Self-)Knowledge vs. Reductionism and the Non-Impartiality of Numbers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In response to the overwhelmingly positive attention that self-tracking has received in the medical and public health literature, critical discussions of self-tracking for health have begun to emerge in the social sciences literature (e.g., Lupton 2012Lupton , 2013Lupton , 2014Lupton , 2015;;Morozov 2013;Whitson 2013;Nafus and Sherman 2014;Ruckenstein 2014;Till 2014), giving rise to a broad, Polar”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3 A Polarized Debate
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Self-tracking tools indeed entail a minimal level of commitment to selfexamination, self-monitoring, and self-improvement, placing them within a long history of medical surveillance and biopolitical governance (Foucault 1977;Armstrong 1995).”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.1 Empowerment vs. Surveillance and Discipline
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Foucault 1977
- Not checked yetcites Armstrong 1995 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“concerns of discipline, digital labor, and of individuals voluntarily partaking in selfsurveillance run the risk of configuring users of self-tracking devices as mindless dupes, unaware of or uninterested in the political and economic agendas at play.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This notion, that human perception is prone to bias and that subjective experience, intuition, and haptic senses are somehow lacking in comparison to the arithmetic precision of quantification, lies at the core of the quantified pursuit of self-awareness and self-knowledge.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.3 Greater (Self-)Knowledge vs. Reductionism and the Non-Impartiality of Numbers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Advertisements and websites for wearables and apps typically portray lifestyle and chronic conditions as unruly things that need to be taken charge over: users are called upon to Btake control of your sleep,^Beat smarter,^and Btell your weight who's boss,^ and devices are depicted as facilitators that can Bhelp you on your quest [toward glucose control]^”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.1 Empowerment vs. Surveillance and Discipline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patient-or citizen-run studies using data generated by tracking and monitoring devices conducted individually or in groups are also becoming an important trend.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.3 Greater (Self-)Knowledge vs. Reductionism and the Non-Impartiality of Numbers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Insofar as these may challenge both the promises and concerns in the debate on self-tracking for health, they can lay the groundwork for new conceptual interventions in future research.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, a number of the assumptions underlying these claims need further empirical examination.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The promise of empowerment that has been shown to be key in the PHC and digital health debate thus invokes, in various ways, the value of autonomy.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“it is estimated that by 2017, almost 2 billion people worldwide will use digital devices to track their health (Research2Guidance 2013).”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 2 Self-Tracking for Health: Prime Mover of the Personalized Healthcare Revolution
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Research2Guidance 2013
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I argue that far from being solely about health outcomes, this debate is very much about fundamental values that are at stake in the move toward personalized healthcare, namely, the values of autonomy, solidarity, and authenticity.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“many of the arguments made for and against the desirability of self-tracking for health in these discussions are persuasive.They also, however, present important limitations that should be made explicit and grappled with if we want to understand how people are experiencing the use of self-tracking for health in the move toward PHC.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4 Moving Beyond a Polarized Debate
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In many advertisements and popular accounts of self-tracking, the notion that collecting fine-grained details about various aspects of one's body can lead to unique insights about oneself is key.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.3 Greater (Self-)Knowledge vs. Reductionism and the Non-Impartiality of Numbers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, the promise of improved and sustainable overall health here is presented as working in a bottom-up fashion that is not the traditional proposed mechanism for achieving population or public health goals, certainly not in the European context.There is an individualizing moment in the promissory discourse of selftracking for health and PHC-expressed in the very terms of Bpersonaliz”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.2 Improved Overall Health vs. The Disintegration of State and Collective Responsibility for Health
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In terms of the promise of improved overall health, this means that discourses of empowerment and individual choice are rhetorical devices that conceal political and economic agendas that are often detached from the real interests of patients and citizens, masking a dynamic of abandonment rather than empowerment.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.2 Improved Overall Health vs. The Disintegration of State and Collective Responsibility for Health
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“PHC is thus a stone that kills two birds: its effectiveness is tantamount to its cost-efficiency.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.2 Improved Overall Health vs. The Disintegration of State and Collective Responsibility for Health
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Linking big biomedical data, it is argued, will enable researchers to identify which treatments are most effective for particular conditions, to test new hypotheses and identify patterns related to drug side effects and to create the possibility of larger study populations than ever thought possible.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.3 Greater (Self-)Knowledge vs. Reductionism and the Non-Impartiality of Numbers
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet, since its emergence, the increased emphasis on individual responsibility in health has been the focus of intense critique by scholars working on health and governance issues.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.2 Improved Overall Health vs. The Disintegration of State and Collective Responsibility for Health
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The second promise of self-tracking for health is improved overall health and more sustainable healthcare.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.2 Improved Overall Health vs. The Disintegration of State and Collective Responsibility for Health
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The promise of empowerment resonates widely across the discursive landscape of selftracking for health.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.1 Empowerment vs. Surveillance and Discipline
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two fundamental components of personalized healthcare (PHC), the combination of which underlies perhaps more than anything else the revolutionary claims of its proponents, are its emphasis on data and its emphasis on individuals.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 2 Self-Tracking for Health: Prime Mover of the Personalized Healthcare Revolution
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“on both sides of this debate, users of self-tracking devices are often configured in unrealistic ways: either as rational consumers who make autonomous health choices or as victims of insidious forces to which they remain oblivious.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First amongst these limitations is that many of these claims are taking place in a highly theoretical and even speculative vacuum, certainly in the case of the promises being made, but also, often, in the case of the anticipated fears.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“these promises and concerns coalesce around three fundamental values that are at stake in the move toward PHC and the widespread adoption of self-tracking for health, to which both sides of this debate appealthe values of autonomy, solidarity, and authenticity.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The novelty with selftracking for health is that it portrays empowerment as one of its paramount virtues.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.1 Empowerment vs. Surveillance and Discipline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“References to the Delphic maxim to BKnow thyself^are rife in the quantified self blogosphere (Wolf 2009;de Groot 2012) and presentations.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.3 Greater (Self-)Knowledge vs. Reductionism and the Non-Impartiality of Numbers
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wolf 2009
- Not checked yetcites de Groot 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nowhere is this quest for personal meaning about oneself via self-tracking more pronounced than in what is known as the Quantified Self movement.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.3 Greater (Self-)Knowledge vs. Reductionism and the Non-Impartiality of Numbers
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the promises put forward, especially concerning increased empowerment by means of individual responsibility, emerge as highly problematic, if not empty labels used for predominantly economic interests, as the critique of those promises makes clear.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One of the biggest novelties of digital self-tracking is that it makes it possible to collect data on individuals continuously, creating a much more complex and complete picture than if health data is only collected at regular intervals.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.2 Improved Overall Health vs. The Disintegration of State and Collective Responsibility for Health
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Self-tracking devices are portrayed as powerful tools in this radical, data-intensive rehaul of health research, as generators of the Bsmall data^ on any one individual user that will feed these vast datasets.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.3 Greater (Self-)Knowledge vs. Reductionism and the Non-Impartiality of Numbers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the digitalization of medical research is largely institutionally driven, at the level of individual patients and citizens, the abundance of data that tracking devices can generate also promises to transform the relationship of individuals to their own health and further to their bodies, their psyches, and their selves.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.3 Greater (Self-)Knowledge vs. Reductionism and the Non-Impartiality of Numbers
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, current discussions surrounding the use of self-tracking technologies in the move toward PHC can be depicted in terms of three key polarizations: empowerment vs. discipline and surveillance, individual vs. collective responsibility for health, and greater self-knowledge vs. alienation via quantification.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4 Moving Beyond a Polarized Debate
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this sense, to be engaged in one's health is, ipso facto, to be engaged in the health of the population.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 3.2 Improved Overall Health vs. The Disintegration of State and Collective Responsibility for Health
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I suggest that a practice-based approach, which studies how values are enacted in specific practices, can open the way for a new set of theoretical questions.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“some of the important questions that emerge from this debate are, to an important extent, empirical questions that can be addressed using empirical, namely ethnographic methods.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taking a practice-based approach to the study of values is a first step in this direction, insofar as it allows us to identify the emergence of new forms of solidarity in unexpected sites.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While this emphasis on individual health and well-being does reproduce the disciplinary dimension of the discourse of healthism, as critics in the self-tracking and PHC debate point out, it simultaneously disputes the content of that discourse by subjecting it to (at least somewhat) scientific scrutiny and thus challenges authoritative health claims.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this context, what constitutes a healthy practice may be completely different for different people, not just as a deviation from a norm, but as something that actually challenges the very existence of a norm.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
hedgedconditionalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Within such a practice-based approach, values are also conceptualized as emerging from within practices.Rather than abstract entities-BTruth,^BFreedom,^ BFriendship^-or universal truth claims that precede or transcend experience, values are understood here as embedded in and as taking shape in everyday practices.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mol 2002 source
- Not checked yetcites Pols 2012
- Not checked yetcites Swierstra 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“At the core of these approaches is the idea that the primary relation of humans to the world is not by way of contemplation and representation, but through practical activity.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schatzki et al. 2001
- Not checked yetcites Reckwitz 2002 source
- Not checked yetcites Nicolini 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collective projects do seem to be one of the directions that some QSers will be taking in the future.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.3 Enacting Solidarity
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, in the discussion around the types of knowledge that can be produced using self-tracking devices, both advocates and critics appeal to the value of authenticity, in the form of an enhanced or an impoverished relationship to one's self.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“As we argue in that context, the relationship between so-called objective data and socalled subjective experience is hardly a zero-sum game for many QSers, but rather a tension and a negotiation that produces meaning, a process that QSers are often aware of partaking in.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sharon and Zandbergen 2016
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It implies that values have multiple meanings since, insofar as they are enacted, they can be enacted in different ways in different contexts.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“They are articulated in specific acts or Benacted^ (Mol 2002;Pols 2012;Swierstra 2013).”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mol 2002 source
- Not checked yetcites Pols 2012
- Not checked yetcites Swierstra 2013
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“based on observations and interviews carried out within the Quantified Self community of self-trackers at various meetings and international conferences between 2013 and 2015, where members demonstrate, describe, and discuss their self-tracking practices.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A shift of emphasis toward practices and a reframing of the debate on PHC and selftracking in terms of values thus offers an alternative framework from within which to describe and begin to evaluate the use of self-tracking tools.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Practice theories have become increasingly popular in recent years in philosophy, cultural theory, sociology, anthropology, and science and technology studies, as offering a new vista for understanding social reality (see, for example, Schatzki et al. 2001;Reckwitz 2002;Nicolini 2012).”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.1 Of Values and Practices
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Schatzki et al. 2001
- Not checked yetcites Reckwitz 2002 source
- Not checked yetcites Nicolini 2012
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“As Zandbergen and I have argued elsewhere (Sharon and Zandbergen 2016), however, the idea that QSers are enamored by the perceived power of truth and objectivity of data that they are data fetishists, is very limiting and fails to account for a variety of other ways that QSers render their tracking practices meaningful.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sharon and Zandbergen 2016
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thisspirit of autonomy comes to the fore as an attempt to navigate a complex world where various messages and social conventions conveyed by the media, by medical institutions, and by the state tell people what to do and to carve out a space of agency therein.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.2 Enacting Autonomy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“if I have highlighted that self-tracking practices can open up new spaces for the enactment of solidarity”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 5 Conclusion
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In these forms of self-tracking, tracking practices may activate a heightened awareness of one's body, self, and environment, while data may enable new types of self-expression and enactments of authenticity.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Third, and in light of these, it is detached from the everyday experiences of people who are actually using self-tracking devices in their daily lives.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 5 Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A practice-based approach, I suggested, that studies how values are articulated or enacted in specific practices, is useful for moving beyond these limitations.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 5 Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“if I have highlighted that the value of autonomy is enacted differently in self-tracking practices on the backdrop of discourses of healthism and a culture of surveillance”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 5 Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It can lay the groundwork for a series of new conceptual interventions and questions, and it can reorient our focus to enactments of values in unexpected empirical sites.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 5 Conclusion
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, it remains highly speculative-certainly in terms of its promises, but also in terms of a number of its concerns.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 5 Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, it tends to configure users of self-tracking devices in unrealistic ways-either as rational consumers who make autonomous health choices or as victims of insidious political and economic agendas of which they are oblivious.”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 5 Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The examples discussed here, to be sure, are drawn from a very specific group of practitioners, who share all the common characteristics known to Bearly adopters.^”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 5 Conclusion
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“They may instead be more like an unsophisticated, intermediate stage toward more augmented senses and, perhaps, expanded notions of selfhood (Swan 2013).”
§ Self-Tracking for Health and the Quantified Self: Re-Articulating Autonomy, Solidarity, and Authenticity in an Age of Personalized Healthcare > 4.4 Enacting Authenticity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Swan 2013 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Public healthcare systems in the industrialized West are in crisis due to spiraling costs, an ageing population, and the rise of chronic diseases.
“In recent decades, spiraling costs, an ageing population, and the rise of chronic diseases have propelled public healthcare systems in the industrialized West into crisis.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Quantified Self community and its meetings, presentations, and members' self-reports provide a valid and sufficiently representative basis for drawing conclusions about self-tracking for health practices in the move toward personalized healthcare.
“based on observations and interviews carried out within the Quantified Self community of self-trackers at various meetings and international conferences between 2013 and 2015, where members demonstrate, describe, and discuss their self-tracking practices.”
“Yet, for members of QS, and arguably for many selftrackers beyond QS, a crucial aspect of self-tracking is the opportunity to share their data with others and to participate in self-tracking communities of various sorts.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, algorithms can also lead to biased results”
From Ethics and governance of trustworthy medical artificial intelligence (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stephanidis, C., Salvendy, G., Antona, M., Chen, J. Y. C., Dong, J., Duffy, V. G., Fang, X., Fidopiastis, C., Fragomeni, G., Fu, L. P., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2019.1619259 · Cited by 524
“Self-tracking provides the potential to actively involve individuals in the management of their health and to generate data that can benefit clinical decision making and research, resulting in improved overall health and greater self-knowledge (Sharon, 2017).”
BackgroundRuckenstein, M., & Schüll, N. D. (2017) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116-041244 · Cited by 529
“…can produce a kind of empowerment “in the wild” that differs significantly from the normative empowerment that digital health promoters have in mind (Sharon 2017, p. 109), as when patients hack or dismantle tracking devices or set idiosyncratic tracking parameters that resist population-wide…”
BackgroundInfluentialEthics and governance of trustworthy medical artificial intelligence
Zhang, J., & Zhang, Z.-M. (2023) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-023-02103-9 · Cited by 507
“Bias is often encoded and expressed through machine learning, which can have far-reaching effects on the outcomes [24].”
BackgroundDinh-Le, C., Chuang, R., Chokshi, S. K., & Mann, D. (2019) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/12861 · Cited by 416
“Currently, these devices have the potential to help patients and providers manage chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart conditions, and chronic pain [23-25].”
Canali, S., Schiaffonati, V., & Aliverti, A. (2022) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000104 · Cited by 457
Digital health and the biopolitics of the Quantified Self
Ajana, B. (2017) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/2055207616689509 · Cited by 262
How Self-tracking and the Quantified Self Promote Health and Well-being: Systematic Review
Feng, S., Mäntymäki, M., Dhir, A., & Salmela, H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/25171 · Cited by 202
“However, as argued by Lupton [113] and Sharon [37], the rise of self-tracking and the emergence of a market for health-related products and services can be related to a societal shift toward neoliberal thinking.”
BackgroundCo-evolving with self-tracking technologies
Kristensen, D. B., & Ruckenstein, M. (2018) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444818755650 · Cited by 157
“Sharon (2016) also points to the mutual constitution and intertwining of data and the self, as well as the emergence of subjective feelings and communicative possibilities in connection with the use of digital technologies.”
BackgroundKnow Thyself: A Theory of the Self for Personal Informatics
Rapp, A., & Tirassa, M. (2017) · Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/07370024.2017.1285704 · Cited by 154
“Sharon (2016) emphasized that a view of the Quantified Selfers as data fetishists is limiting and that quantitative data are often an additional layer that contributes to self-narratives.”
BackgroundInfluentialDigital Phenotyping: Data-Driven Psychiatry to Redefine Mental Health
Oudin, A., Maatoug, R., Bourla, A., Ferreri, F., Bonnot, O., Millet, B., Schoeller, F., Mouchabac, S., & Adrien, V. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/44502 · Cited by 156
“There have been attempts at self-management, where patients are given greater autonomy with regard to technologies and the management of their symptoms [94].”
Skar, J. B., Garnweidner-Holme, L. M., Lukasse, M., & Terragni, L. (2017) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2017.12.021 · Cited by 97
Smartphone-based objective monitoring in bipolar disorder: status and considerations
Faurholt‐Jepsen, M., Bauer, M., & Kessing, L. V. (2018) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-017-0110-8 · Cited by 104
“…connectivity, considerations such as the balance between empowerment and surveillance, implications for autonomy, social and economic implications, cultural implications, stress-inducing consequences, personal privacy and ethical issues have been addressed and discussed (Selke 2016; Sharon 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialDigital hyperconnectivity and the self
Brubaker, R. (2020) · Theory and Society · doi:10.1007/s11186-020-09405-1 · Cited by 103
A mobile revolution for healthcare? Setting the agenda for bioethics
Lucivero, F., & Jongsma, K. R. (2018) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2017-104741 · Cited by 105
Wong, K., & Dobson, A. S. (2019) · Global Media and China · doi:10.1177/2059436419856090 · Cited by 104
Koivumäki, T., Pekkarinen, S., Lappi, M., Väisänen, J., Juntunen, J., & Pikkarainen, M. A. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7821 · Cited by 90
“This has attracted enthusiasm among health providers to move toward data-driven participatory and personalized health care services [1].”
BackgroundPersonal Informatics for Sport
Rapp, A., & Tirabeni, L. (2018) · ACM Trans. Comput. Hum. Interact. · doi:10.1145/3196829 · Cited by 74
Recommender systems for mental health apps: advantages and ethical challenges
Valentine, L., D’Alfonso, S., & Lederman, R. (2022) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01322-w · Cited by 97
Cordeiro, J. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.647897 · Cited by 121
Henwood, F., & Marent, B. (2019) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12898 · Cited by 90
“Through a re-interpretation of key texts on self-tracking (Schüll, 2016; Sharon, 2017; Sharon & Zandbergen, 2017), and new empirical data on everyday self-trackers, they seek to explore how people ‘make sense with numbers’ and how numbers ‘make sense of people’ in ways that show the interplay between freedom and power…”
BackgroundMethodCarter, D. D., Robinson, K., Forbes, J., & Hayes, S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208759 · Cited by 83
Nittas, V., Lun, P., Ehrler, F., Puhan, M. A., & Mütsch, M. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/13320 · Cited by 76
“Without disregarding the challenges of electronic PGHD, generating one’s own health information might provide an incentive for behavioral change, facilitating health literacy and knowledge exchange [13,14].”
Wired Emotions: Ethical Issues of Affective Brain–Computer Interfaces
Steinert, S., & Friedrich, O. (2019) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-019-00087-2 · Cited by 89
“Further, other authors have raised concerns regarding the disciplining effects of self-tracking and that self-tracking could infringe on values like autonomy and authenticity (Sharon 2017).”
BackgroundIncorporation of “Artificial Intelligence” for Objective Pain Assessment: A Comprehensive Review
El-Tallawy, S. N., Pergolizzi, J. V., Vasiliu-Feltes, I., Ahmed, R. S., LeQuang, J. A., El-Tallawy, H. N., Varrassi, G., & Nagiub, M. S. (2024) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-024-00584-8 · Cited by 89
Heyen, N. B. (2019) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/0963662519888757 · Cited by 72
Dimensions of autonomy in human–algorithm relations
Savolainen, L., & Ruckenstein, M. (2022) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448221100802 · Cited by 102
“The way technologies press against notions of self-directed action suggests that holding on to a clearly bounded notion of self-determination is becoming increasingly difficult (Schüll, 2012; Sharon, 2017).”
BackgroundAmbivalence in digital health: Co-designing an mHealth platform for HIV care
Marent, B., Henwood, F., & Darking, M. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.003 · Cited by 69
“In their ethnographic studies of self-tracking practices, Sharon (2017) and Schüll (2016) have shown how self-trackers continuously negotiate and re-calibrate their intuitions and embodied experiences with the quantified data they generate through digital devices.”
BackgroundDigital twin-driven framework for improving self-management of ergonomic risks
Ogunseiju, O. R., Olayiwola, J., Akanmu, A. A., & Nnaji, C. A. (2021) · Smart and Sustainable Built Environment · doi:10.1108/sasbe-03-2021-0035 · Cited by 73
Mobile health ethics and the expanding role of autonomy
Schmietow, B., & Marckmann, G. (2019) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-019-09900-y · Cited by 70
The double-edged sword of digital self-care: Physician perspectives from Northern Germany
Fiske, A., Buyx, A., & Prainsack, B. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113174 · Cited by 65
Boers, S. N., Jongsma, K. R., Lucivero, F., Aardoom, J. J., Büchner, F. L., de Vries, M. C., Honkoop, P., Houwink, E. J. F., Kasteleyn, M. J., Meijer, E., et al. (2019) · European Journal of General Practice · doi:10.1080/13814788.2019.1678958 · Cited by 63
“Also, patients can become more familiar with their own body and disease symptoms, and become increasingly able to respond appropriately to changing symptoms [2,16,17].”
Background‘A Much Better Person’: The Agential Capacities of Self-tracking Practices
Lupton, D. A., & Smith, G. J. D. (2018) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-78743-289-520181004 · Cited by 65
Couture, V., Roy, M.-C., Dez, E., Laperle, S., & Bélisle-Pipon, J.-C. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/44357 · Cited by 42
“This resonates with the literature on AI’s potential to damage patient autonomy [23].”
Sicart, M., & Shklovski, I. (2020) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3357236.3395526 · Cited by 63
“One of the examples of ‘pataphysical design we are presenting here addresses the quantified self, inspired by the critiques proposed by Whitson [74], Sharon [83], Moore and Robinson [61], and Linehan et al [56].”
A Conceptual Framework for Personal Science
Wolf, G., & de Groot, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2020.00021 · Cited by 53
“The Quantified Self community has become a focus of academic research interest in the cultural effects of new technologies (see, for instance: Lee, 2013; Morozov, 2013; Swan, 2013; Choe et al., 2014; Lupton, 2016; Neff and Nafus, 2016; Ajana, 2017; Sharon, 2017; Heyen, 2020).”
BackgroundCrameri, K.-A., Maher, L. M., van Dam, P., & Prior, S. J. (2020) · Health Information Management Journal · doi:10.1177/1833358319895369 · Cited by 55
“New digital and mobile technologies provide an opportunity for consumers to become more involved in the management of their health information, helping to create a more targeted, preventative and personalised healthcare experience (Sharon, 2017).”
BackgroundHowell, N., Chuang, J. C.-I., Kosnik, A. T. D., Niemeyer, G. O., & Ryokai, K. (2018) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3274338 · Cited by 66
“Foucault’s analysis of internalized self-discipline in view of an all-seeing authority [35] has been applied to self-tracking (e.g., [81,92,96,120,122]).”
BackgroundThe Quantified Self in question(s)
Dagiral, É., Licoppe, C., Martin, O., Pharabod, A.-S., & Carey-Libbrecht, L. (2019) · Réseaux · doi:10.3917/res.216.0017 · Cited by 60
How the social dimension of fitness apps can enhance and undermine wellbeing
Whelan, E., & Clohessy, T. (2020) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-04-2019-0156 · Cited by 68
Patient Autonomy and Quality of Care in Telehealthcare
Rubeis, G., Schochow, M., & Steger, F. (2017) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-017-9885-3 · Cited by 56
“The use of self-tracking devices focuses on data and the participation of the individual patient, two aspects which are crucial to personalized healthcare (Sharon 2016, 3).”
BackgroundFord, A., Togni, G. D., & Miller, L. (2021) · Engaging Science Technology and Society · doi:10.17351/ests2021.655 · Cited by 71
“In this article, in common with other work on health-related apps (e.g. Lupton 2014; Sharon 2016), we situate period tracking as a “technique of the self” (Foucault 1988) that both produces particular kinds of embodied experiences and reinforces contemporary political dynamics.”
BackgroundMethodWannheden, C., Stenfors, T., Stenling, A., & Schwarz, U. V. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.623773 · Cited by 55
“Selfmonitoring technologies, in particular, have raised polarized discussions, highlighting how it may either contribute to strengthen individual’s autonomy or, conversely, contribute to increased control and surveillance over individuals (48).”
BackgroundRiggare, S. S., Duncan, T. S., Hvitfeldt, H., & Hägglund, M. (2019) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-019-0896-7 · Cited by 50
“Sharon [29] has done work in self-tracking and found that there seems to be important considerations to make concerning autonomy, solidarity, and authenticity in relation to self-tracking as an element in personalised healthcare.”
BackgroundResultJust data? Solidarity and justice in data-driven medicine
Hummel, P., & Braun, M. (2020) · Life Sciences Society and Policy · doi:10.1186/s40504-020-00101-7 · Cited by 54
ter Harmsel, J. F., Noordzij, M. L., Goudriaan, A. E., Dekker, J. J. M., Swinkels, L. T. A., van der Pol, T. M., & Popma, A. (2021) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.11.009 · Cited by 47
“Finally, although beyond the scope of this article, ethical questions about surveillance and privacy, agency and autonomy should be carefully considered (Sharon, 2017; Torous et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSun, Y., Ma, X., Lindtner, S., & He, L. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3579475 · Cited by 56
“Data technologies also make the involvement and connection of multiple stakeholders, such as informal caregivers [35], volunteers [21], and patients themselves [65], much convenient.”
BackgroundThe particularity of dignity: relational engagement in care at the end of life
Pols, J., Pasveer, B., & Willems, D. L. (2017) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-017-9787-9 · Cited by 51
Rubeis, G., Dubbala, K., & Metzler, I. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.902542 · Cited by 48
“In a similar vein, Sharon (Sharon, 2016) interprets activation of patients as a means of cost-reduction in the health sector, e.”
InfluentialDesigning Documentary Informatics
Elsden, C., Durrant, A. C., Chatting, D. J., & Kirk, D. S. (2017) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3064663.3064714 · Cited by 51
“However, Sharon [49] paints a particularly nuanced portrait of self-trackers in the Quantified Self”
BackgroundInfluentialSohda, S., Suzuki, K., & Igari, I. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7468 · Cited by 47
“Sharon [36] argued that self-tracking health technologies reduce phenomena to numbers and “that this simultaneously displaces other, non-quantifiable yet highly insightful means of knowing and expression”.”
BackgroundPrecision Medicine in Parkinson’s Disease – Exploring Patient-Initiated Self-Tracking
Riggare, S. S., & Hägglund, M. (2018) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-181314 · Cited by 44
“Technology enables patients to be more active in the management of their health by making use of technology for self-tracking of symptoms and selfcare [12].”
BackgroundSingh, N., Misra, R., Singh, S., Rana, N. P., & Khorana, S. (2022) · Technology and Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102126 · Cited by 39
Maxwell, H., O’Shea, M., Stronach, M. M., & Pearce, S. (2019) · Annals of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/11745398.2019.1674677 · Cited by 43
Creating ‘automatic subjects’: Corporate wellness and self-tracking
Till, C. (2019) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459319829957 · Cited by 44
The ethics of self-tracking. A comprehensive review of the literature
Wieczorek, M., Ó’Brolcháin, F., Saghai, Y., & Gordijn, B. (2022) · Ethics & Behavior · doi:10.1080/10508422.2022.2082969 · Cited by 46
“, those of young, fit, white, male users (Barassi, 2017; Lupton, 2016a; Moore, 2017, p. 17; Nissenbaum & Patterson, 2016; Sharon, 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialCarbon footprint tracking apps. Does feedback help reduce carbon emissions?
Hoffmann, S., Lasarov, W., Reimers, H., & Trabandt, M. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139981 · Cited by 50
Data Donations as Exercises of Sovereignty
Hummel, P., Braun, M., & Dabrock, P. (2019) · Philosophical studies series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04363-6_3 · Cited by 41
“However, it can have an inherently social and communicative dimension (cf. Sharon 2017, pp. 111–2; Ajana 2018, p. 128).”
BackgroundTironi, M., & Valderrama, M. (2017) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/0263775817744781 · Cited by 42
“In the sections that follow, we will explore two positions that in our judgment tend to generalize and overestimate certain experiences of self-tracking technologies (for a more in-depth overview of this ‘‘polarized debate,’’ see Sharon, 2017).”
BackgroundWhat Gets Measured Gets Done: Can Self-Tracking Technologies Enhance Advice Compliance?
Wittkowski, K., Klein, J. F., Falk, T., Schepers, J., Aspara, J., & Bergner, K. N. (2020) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670520904424 · Cited by 43
Ethical Issues in Social Science Research Employing Big Data
Hosseini, M., Wieczorek, M., & Gordijn, B. (2022) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-022-00380-7 · Cited by 47
“As designers of algorithmic tools might be unaware of their own presuppositions and prejudices or they might not actively take steps to avoid biases in designing algorithms, many contemporary technologies have been demonstrated to exhibit various forms of algorithmic bias (Friedman & Nissenbaum, 1996; Sharon, 2017).”
BackgroundContested technology: Social scientific perspectives of behaviour-based insurance
Tanninen, M. (2020) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/2053951720942536 · Cited by 43
Ethics of Gamification in Health and Fitness-Tracking
Arora, C., & Razavian, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111052 · Cited by 40
“There is evidence, for example, that such forums and meetings have helped members of the Quantified Self (QS) movement, which includes users of apps such as Fitbit, that measure and promote physical activity [24].”
BackgroundGeosurveillance, Location Privacy, and Personalization
Banerjee, S. (2019) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1177/0743915619860137 · Cited by 42
“Location intelligence also helps perso-nalize premiums for car insurance (Singh 2017) and health insurance (Sharon 2017) and detects triggers for health risks, such as using GPS-fitted inhalers to map asthma attack incidents to ambient air quality (De Nazelle et al. 2013).”
BackgroundToner, J. (2018) · Performance Enhancement & Health · doi:10.1016/j.peh.2018.06.001 · Cited by 38
Abeele, M. V., & Mohr, V. E. (2021) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/13548565211038539 · Cited by 37
“Screen time apps in particular can become tools to police our own screen time; self-tracking enables us to turn the gaze on ourselves and thus become our own internalized health promoter (Sharon, 2017).”
BackgroundCifor, M., & García, P. M. (2019) · ACM Transactions on Social Computing · doi:10.1145/3364685 · Cited by 39
“Personal data collection related to health and wellness has risen in popularity [36] and become a widespread activity due to social and economic factors including increasing emphasis on individual responsibilization and personalized health management [78], the growing wearables market, advancements in sensing technolo…”
BackgroundReconfiguring health knowledges? Contemporary modes of self-care as ‘everyday fringe medicine’
Vuolanto, P. H., Bergroth, H., Nurmi, J., & Salmenniemi, S. (2020) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/0963662520934752 · Cited by 36
“This critique resonates with the discourse of ‘personalised healthcare’ (Topol, 2015; see also Harris et al., 2010; Sharon, 2017), which encourages health-related participation, proactive action and self-awareness.”
BackgroundPredictEYE: Personalized Time Series Model for Mental State Prediction Using Eye Tracking
Jyotsna, C., Amudha, J., Ram, A., Fruet, D., & Nollo, G. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3332762 · Cited by 38
“It includes tracking dietary intake, sleep patterns, and other vital parameters that can impact health [18], [19].”
BackgroundMobile health technology and empowerment
Kreitmair, K. (2023) · Bioethics · doi:10.1111/bioe.13157 · Cited by 34
Spors, V., Wagner, H. G., Flintham, M., Brundell, P., & Murphy, D. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445500 · Cited by 39
“Therefore, health-minded apps might support people in (re-)contexualising their own lives meaningfully [227], e.”
BackgroundRoutledge International Handbook of Critical Issues in Health and Illness
Chamberlain, K., & Lyons, A. C. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003185215 · Cited by 35
The place of conditionality and individual responsibility in a “data-driven economy”
König, P. D. (2017) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/2053951717742419 · Cited by 34
“While the new information infrastructure, hence, allows for managing greater complexity, the decentralized coordination on which it is based involves a radical individualization and stronger role of individuals as coproducers of the products, services, and solutions they receive (Sharon, 2017: 95).”
BackgroundInfluentialOn the body of the consumer: performance‐seeking with wearables and health and fitness apps
Hardey, M. (2019) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12879 · Cited by 31
“The mHealth concept sees self and body entwined in an emerging philosophy (and promotion) of digital self-care (Pantzar and Ruckenstein 2015; Sharon 2017).”
BackgroundHo, A. (2023) · doi:10.1093/med/9780197556269.001.0001 · Cited by 35
Digital Phenotyping: an Epistemic and Methodological Analysis
Coghlan, S., & D’Alfonso, S. (2021) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-021-00492-1 · Cited by 35
“This epistemological mapping and analysis extends a small but growing body of recent philosophical work on the subject (Birk & Samuel, 2020; Burr & Cristianini, 2019; Burr et al., 2020; Loi, 2019; Mulvenna et al., 2021; Sharon, 2017; Stanghellini & Leoni, 2020; Tekin, 2020).”
BackgroundConceptualizations of user autonomy within the normative evaluation of dark patterns
Ahuja, S., & Kumar, J. (2022) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-022-09672-9 · Cited by 56
“Data centric approaches to health are critiqued as unidirectional and reductive, preventing individuals from exploring alternate means of health management (Sharon, 2017; Wieczorek et al., 2022).”
BackgroundResearch data management in health and biomedical citizen science: practices and prospects
Borda, A., Gray, K. M., & Fu, Y. (2019) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz052 · Cited by 27
Sharon, T., & Koops, B. (2021) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-020-09575-7 · Cited by 34
“2004; Sharon 2017; Swierstra 2013).”
Self-citationNegotiating Authenticity in Technological Environments
Beerends, S., & Aydin, C. (2021) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-021-00480-5 · Cited by 30
“, 2016), personalized healthcare (Sharon, 2017), bio-ethical debates on human enhancement technologies (Bolt, 2007; Marceta, 2020; Parens, 2005), and AI-generated art (Floridi, 2018).”
BackgroundEthical Dilemmas of Using Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Astărăstoae, V., Rogozea, L. M., Leaşu, F., & Ioan, B. G. (2024) · American Journal of Therapeutics · doi:10.1097/mjt.0000000000001693 · Cited by 36
“74 Moreover, algorithms can contain a variability of biases even indirectly, starting from human-induced bias and/or data.”
Berry, R., Rodgers, R. F., & Campagna, J. (2020) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-020-01201-6 · Cited by 36
“…devices have been analyzed in relation to their capacity to perpetuate narrow gender stereotypes and thus participate in constructing and protecting male privilege, as well as the gendered aspect of the neoliberal economic content in which they are embedded (Cifor and Garcia 2020; Sharon 2017).”
BackgroundJongsma, K. R., Bekker, M. N., Haitjema, S., & Bredenoord, A. L. (2021) · Pregnancy Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2021.05.017 · Cited by 27
Knowing (with) the body: Sensory knowing in contraceptive self‐tracking
Algera, E. (2022) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13570 · Cited by 28
“…practice In various popular discourses as well as some scholarship on self-tracking knowledge practices, tracking data is seen as providing access to objectivity about the self and the body, as per the quantified self movement adage of ‘self-knowledge through numbers’ (Heyen, 2016; Sharon, 2016).”
BackgroundDeveloping a smart operational research with hybrid practice theories
Bürger, K., White, L., & Yearworth, M. (2019) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2019.03.027 · Cited by 30
“Moreover, as measurement is never entirely neutral ( Lustig et al., 2016; Prinsloo, 2017; Sharon, 2017 ), it is necessary to consider what it means when the ideals of ‘good performance’ are programmed into devices which then demand conformity with norms and adherence to these pre-set standards (…”
BackgroundInfluential‘Personal Health Surveillance’: The Use of mHealth in Healthcare Responsibilisation
Davies, B. (2021) · Public Health Ethics · doi:10.1093/phe/phab013 · Cited by 29
“behaviours more easily (Sharon, 2017): wearable tech-”
BackgroundEmpowerment through health self-testing apps? Revisiting empowerment as a process
Kapeller, A., & Loosman, I. (2023) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-022-10132-w · Cited by 28
Increasing mobile health application usage among Generation Z members: evidence from the UTAUT model
Aydın, G. (2023) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijphm-02-2021-0030 · Cited by 40
Meyer, J., Kay, J., Epstein, D. A., et al. (2020) · ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare · doi:10.1145/3373719 · Cited by 27
“Applications for long-term tracking: There are numerous new potential applications for long-term tracking beyond behavior support, such as early-warning systems identifying slow changes, or supporting decisions in situations of change, based on past experiences [5].”
BackgroundHepp, A. (2020) · International Journal of Cultural Studies · doi:10.1177/1367877920922867 · Cited by 36
Tomičić, A., Malešević, A., & Čartolovni, A. (2022) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-021-00354-1 · Cited by 27
“The specific know-how and practices developed by individuals or communities using connected objects have also received little attention in the literature outside of the Quantified Self movement or digitally skilled individuals or communities (Sharon, 2017).”
BackgroundDigital self-tracking, habits and the myth of discontinuance: It doesn’t just ‘stop’
Clark, M., Southerton, C., & Driller, M. W. (2022) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448221083992 · Cited by 30
“Our findings support earlier research highlighting the importance of the body and its senses in processes of meaning-making as students engaged with, responded to and interpreted their personalized data (Lupton, 2017a; Lupton et al., 2018b; Lupton and Maslen, 2018; Sharon, 2017).”
ResultAmbivalences in Digital Contraception: Designing for Mixed Feelings and Oscillating Relations
Park, J. Y., Woytuk, N. C., Yadav, D., Huang, X., Cardozo, R. B., Felice, M. C., Lampinen, A., & Balaam, M. (2023) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3563657.3596062 · Cited by 31
“Numerous interdisciplinary works have covered positive and negative afective dimensions of self-tracking technologies [54–56, 58, 59, 65, 78, 85].”
BackgroundInfluentialGarcia-Marcos, C. J., Vargas, O. L., & Almenara, J. C. (2020) · Revista de Educación a Distancia (RED) · doi:10.6018/red.400071 · Cited by 51
“Actualmente, la aplicación de esta tecnología se ha popularizado en ámbitos diferentes al de la educación, como es, por ejemplo, la salud (Sharon, 2017; Shin & Biocca, 2017).”
BackgroundThe Data-Based Self: Self-Quantification and the Data-Driven (Good) Life
Schüll, N. D. (2019) · Social research · doi:10.1353/sor.2019.0050 · Cited by 27
“Quantification “rarely produces a definitive truth, a one-to-one representation of one’s life or one’s identity” (Sharon 2017); instead, it involves a “situated objectivity” (Pantzar and Ruckenstein 2017) in which certain prior experiences, understandings, and shared expectations come to matter.”
BackgroundShih, P., Prokopovich, K., Degeling, C., Street, J., & Carter, S. M. (2022) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114954 · Cited by 25
Epistemic solidarity in medicine and healthcare
Pot, M. (2022) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-022-10112-0 · Cited by 26
Health Promotion for Childhood Obesity: An Approach Based on Self-Tracking of Data
del Río, N. G., González, C. S. G., Toledo, P., Muñoz, V., & García‐Peñalvo, F. J. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20133778 · Cited by 28
Turchioe, M. R., Burgermaster, M., Mitchell, E. G., Desai, P. M., & Mamykina, L. (2020) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103572 · Cited by 23
“”[53] Previous research has also noted that high perceived control is common among in the Quantified Self community[54] and others who self-monitor for health self-management.”
BackgroundEnhancing healthcare data privacy and interoperability with federated learning
Akhmetov, A., Latif, Z., Tyler, B., & Yazıcı, A. (2025) · PeerJ Computer Science · doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.2870 · Cited by 27
“Sharon (2017) studies how self-tracking devices can be used for individual health management and raise ethical concerns.”
Snell, K. (2019) · Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics · doi:10.1017/s0963180119000057 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Sharon, T.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Sharon, Tamar
- ORCID
- Sharon, Tamar
- Venue
- Philosophy & Technology
- Published
- 2016-04-18
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 93-121
- ISSN
- 2210-5433 (ISSN-L)
- 2210-5441
- OpenAlex
- W2336246624
- Semantic Scholar
- e89806c2aa8bd4f6c425984beb8f61cd3d448cd8
- Cited by
- 428
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 17
- FWCI
- 26.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Philosophy & Technology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (275-20-050)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- self-tracking, quantified self, personalized healthcare, autonomy, solidarity, authenticity, practice-oriented approach, clinical decision-making
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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