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Effects of Chronic Social Stress on Obesity
Open accessAbstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has markedly increased during the past few decades. Stress has been suggested as one environmental factor that may contribute to the development of obesity. In this review, we discuss the role that exposure to chronic stress may play in the development of obesity, with particular attention to the effects of chronic psychosocial stress. Of particular importance is the effect that social stress has on dietary preference, food consumption, and regional distribution of adipose tissue. We present evidence from human and animal studies that links sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity with visceral obesity, and that stress tends to alter the pattern of food consumption, and promotes craving of nutrient-dense "comfort foods." Lastly, we discuss the visible burrow system, a model of chronic social stress used in our laboratory to assess the effects of social subordination on behavioral and metabolic profile.
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“Mental stress should be addressed among individuals with obesity, as chronic stress may promote obesity development through the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation that elevates cortisol levels, interferes with insulin sensitivity, promotes energy storage, and creates food cravings for ultraprocessed “comfort foods” [189]”
From Nutritional priorities to support GLP ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [189]
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“Mental stress should be addressed among individuals with obesity, as chronic stress may promote obesity development through the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation that elevates cortisol levels, interferes with insulin sensitivity, promotes energy storage, and creates food cravings for ultra-processed “comfort foods” [180]”
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“Mental stress should be addressed among individuals with obesity, as chronic stress may promote obesity development through the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation that elevates cortisol levels, interferes with insulin sensitivity, promotes energy storage, and creates food cravings for ultraprocessed “comfort foods” [189]”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Scott, K. A., Melhorn, S. J., & Sakai, R. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sakai, Randall R.
- Venue
- Current Obesity Reports
- Published
- 2012-01-11
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-25
- ISSN
- 2162-4968 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3428710
- OpenAlex
- W2035475751
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Obesity Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH088230)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK068273, R01DK066596)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- chronic social stress, obesity, psychosocial stress, visceral obesity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, dietary intake, food preferences, body fat distribution, burrow systems, social subordination, metabolic profile
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