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Cited by 154COVID-19 and Mental HealthMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumLong-Term Effects of COVID-19

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Prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, stress and perceived stress in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

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Zandifar, Atefeh, Badrfam, Rahim, Yazdani, Shahrooz, Arzaghi, Seyed Masoud, Rahimi, Fatemeh, Ghasemi, Somayeh, Khamisabadi, Somayeh, Mohammadian Khonsari, Nami, Qorbani, Mostafa·2020·Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders
DOI 10.1007/s40200-020-00667-1PMC PMC7594988
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Abstract

Purpose COVID-19, a disease that can be transmitted from person to person and with serious health problems, can be associated with mental health disorders. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, stress, and stress perception among a group of patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized.Methods In this cross-sectional study, 106 inpatients with COVID-19 who had stable clinical conditions were evaluated psychologically by two questionnaires: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4).Results More than one third of patients had underlying disease. Overall, 97.2% of patients with COVID-19 had some degree of depression. Severity of depression, according to the DASS questionnaire, was 85.8%. All patients (100%) had severe (0.9%) and very severe (99.1%) anxiety. Regarding to stress levels, 97.1% of patients had some degree of stress. In the severity of stress category, 84.9% of patients had severe and very severe stress. In terms of perceived stress, 73.6% of patients had high levels and 22.6% had moderate levels. A positive strong correlation was found between depression and perceived stress (Coefficient: 0.33, P-value: 0.001). Correlation between anxiety and perceived stress was statistically significant (Coefficient: 0.2, P-value: 0.04).Conclusions The existence of such a high prevalence and severity of psychiatric disorders among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 underscores the need for serious attention to the mental health status of these patients. It seems that health policymakers need to have coherent plans for screening cases and managing related situations.

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  1. Asghari A, Saed F, Dibajnia P. Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) in a non-clinical Iranian sample. Int J Psychol. 2008;2(2):82–102.

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Authors
Zandifar, A., Badrfam, R., Yazdani, S., Arzaghi, S. M., Rahimi, F., Ghasemi, S., Khamisabadi, S., Mohammadian Khonsari, N., & Qorbani, M.
Affiliations
  • Alborz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Roozbeh Hospital (IR)
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute (IR)
Corresponding author
Qorbani, Mostafa
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-10-29
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
1431-1438
ISSN
2251-6581 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1007/s40200-020-00667-1
PMC
PMC7594988
OpenAlex
W3097047630
Cited by
154
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 4
FWCI
12.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Alborz University of Medical Sciences (IR.ABZUMS.REC.1399.011)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, depression, anxiety, stress, perceived stress, hospitalized patients, psychiatric comorbidity, prevalence, severity, DASS-21, Perceived Stress Scale

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