Obesity, growth hormone and exercise
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is regulated, suppressed and stimulated by numerous physiological stimuli. However, it is believed that obesity disrupts the physiological and pathological factors that regulate, suppress or stimulate GH release. Pulsatile GH has been potently stimulated in healthy subjects by both aerobic and resistance exercise of the right intensity and duration. GH modulates fuel metabolism, reduces total fat mass and abdominal fat mass, and could be a potent stimulus of lipolysis when administered to obese individuals exogenously. Only pulsatile GH has been shown to augment adipose tissue lipolysis and, therefore, increasing pulsatile GH response may be a therapeutic target. This review discusses the factors that cause secretion of GH, how obesity may alter GH secretion and how both aerobic and resistance exercise stimulates GH, as well as how exercise of a specific intensity may be used as a stimulus for GH release in individuals who are obese. Only five prior studies have investigated exercise as a stimulus of endogenous GH in individuals who are obese. Based on prior literature, resistance exercise may provide a therapeutic target for releasing endogenous GH in individuals who are obese if specific exercise programme variables are utilized. Biological activity of GH indicates that this may be an important precursor to beneficial changes in body fat and lean tissue mass in obese individuals. However, additional research is needed including what molecular GH variants are acutely released and involved at target tissues as a result of different exercise stimuli and what specific exercise programme variables may serve to stimulate GH in individuals who are obese.
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Regular physical exercise is directly related to improvements in body composition, including reduced abdominal adiposity and body weight.
“regular physical exercise is directly related to: (1) improvements in body composition, including reduced abdominal adiposity and body weight (Thomas et al., 2013; Smith, 2018);”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Thomas et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Thomas, G. A., Kraemer, W. J., Comstock, B. A., Dunn-Lewis, C., Maresh, C. M., & Volek, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kraemer, William J.
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2013-06-30
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 839-849
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-2035
- OpenAlex
- W1992546009
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Nursing Research (T32NR008346)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- growth hormone, obesity, physical activity, resistance training, aerobic exercise, pulsatile growth hormone secretion, lipolysis, adipose tissue, fat mass, lean body mass, exercise intensity, growth hormone regulation
- MeSH terms
- Physical Exertion, Humans, Obesity, Exercise, Human Growth Hormone, Resistance Training
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