Cognitive- and Emotion-Related Dysfunctional Coping Processes: Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Explaining Depression and Anxiety’s Relations with Problematic Smartphone Use

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How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of Internet use disorders and what to do with “smartphone addiction”?

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Addictive Features of Social Media/Messenger Platforms and Freemium Games against the Background of Psychological and Economic Theories

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Fear of missing out (FOMO): overview, theoretical underpinnings, and literature review on relations with severity of negative affectivity and problematic technology use

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Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and social media’s impact on daily-life and productivity at work: Do WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat Use Disorders mediate that association?

Rozgonjuk, D., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J. D., & Montag, C. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106487 · Cited by 315

Longitudinal relationships among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: a cross-lagged panel analysis

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The influence of depressive symptoms and fear of missing out on severity of problematic smartphone use and Internet gaming disorder among Chinese young adults: A three-wave mediation model

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Association of smartphone use with depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, and internet addiction. Empirical evidence from a smartphone application

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Health anxiety related to problematic smartphone use and gaming disorder severity during COVID ‐19: Fear of missing out as a mediator

Elhai, J. D., McKay, D., Yang, H., Minaya, C., Montag, C., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1002/hbe2.227 · Cited by 131

Health Risks of Mobile Phone Addiction Among College Students in China

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Psychological Distress, Emotion Dysregulation, and Coping Behaviour: a Theoretical Perspective of Problematic Smartphone Use

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Using machine learning to model problematic smartphone use severity: The significant role of fear of missing out

Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., Rozgonjuk, D., & Montag, C. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106261 · Cited by 114

Social Networks Use Disorder and Associations With Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: A Systematic Review of Recent Research in China

Hussain, Z., Wegmann, E., Yang, H., & Montag, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00211 · Cited by 93

Depression and social anxiety in relation to problematic TikTok use severity: The mediating role of boredom proneness and distress intolerance

Yao, N., Chen, J., Huang, S., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107751 · Cited by 90

Rumination and negative smartphone use expectancies are associated with greater levels of problematic smartphone use: A latent class analysis

Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., Dempsey, A. E., & Montag, C. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112845 · Cited by 82

A test of the pathway model of problematic smartphone use

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Neuroimaging the effects of smartphone (over-)use on brain function and structure—a review on the current state of MRI-based findings and a roadmap for future research

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Problematic Smartphone Use and Mental Health in Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Study

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Boredom proneness and rumination mediate relationships between depression and anxiety with problematic smartphone use severity

Wang, Y., Yang, H., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01052-0 · Cited by 63

Psychological distress, rumination and problematic smartphone use among Spanish adolescents: An emotional intelligence-based conditional process analysis

Arrivillaga, C., Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.021 · Cited by 60

Worry during the initial height of the COVID-19 crisis in an Italian sample

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Objectively‐measured and self‐reported smartphone use in relation to surface learning, procrastination, academic productivity, and psychopathology symptoms in college students

Elhai, J. D., Sapci, O., Yang, H., Amialchuk, A., Rozgonjuk, D., & Montag, C. (2021) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1002/hbe2.254 · Cited by 49

A bidirectional association between smartphone addiction and depression among college students: A cross-lagged panel model

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Rethinking Screen Time during COVID-19: Impact on Psychological Well-Being in Physiotherapy Students

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Applying fairness in labeling various types of internet use disorders. •

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A multidimensional framework for understanding problematic use of short video platforms: the role of individual, social-environmental, and platform factors

Xiong, S., Chen, J., & Yao, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1361497 · Cited by 40

Smartphone use disorder and future time perspective of college students: the mediating role of depression and moderating role of mindfulness

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Predictors of problematic smartphone use among university students

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Anxiety and stress severity are related to greater fear of missing out on rewarding experiences: A latent profile analysis

Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., & Montag, C. (2021) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.455 · Cited by 40

Effects of attention to negative information on the bidirectional relationship between fear of missing out (FoMO), depression and smartphone addiction among secondary school students: Evidence from a two-wave moderation network analysis

Tao, Y., Tang, Q., Zou, X., Wang, S., Ma, Z., Zhang, L., & Liu, X. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107920 · Cited by 41

The relationship between components of neuroticism and problematic smartphone use in adolescents: A network analysis

Wei, X., Jiang, H., Wang, H., Geng, J., Gao, T., Lei, L., & Ren, L. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111325 · Cited by 37

Prevalence and predisposing factors of smartphone addiction, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of nursing students: A cross-sectional design

Uzunçakmak, T., Ayaz‐Alkaya, S., & Akca, A. (2022) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103478 · Cited by 43

Emotion dysregulation factors associated with problematic smartphone use severity: The mediating role of fear of missing out

Arrivillaga, C., Hallauer, C. J., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107708 · Cited by 39

Worry and fear of missing out are associated with problematic smartphone and social media use severity

Elhai, J. D., Casale, S., & Montag, C. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.062 · Cited by 29

Relationships between daily emotional experiences and smartphone addiction among college students: moderated mediating role of gender and mental health problems

Cheng, Q., Zhou, Y. C., Hongying, Z., Wang, Q., & Peng, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1490338 · Cited by 30

Association of smartphone overuse with depression, anxiety, and other addictive behaviors: A nationwide community sample of Korean adults

Jo, S., Baek, I. C., D, M. F. M., Mischoulon, D., Hong, J. P., Kim, H., Park, M. J., Kim, E. J., & Jeon, H. J. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114133 · Cited by 24

The Roles of Primary Emotional Systems and Need Satisfaction in Problematic Internet and Smartphone Use: A Network Perspective

Rozgonjuk, D., Davis, K. L., & Montag, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.709805 · Cited by 28

Keep on scrolling? Using intensive longitudinal smartphone sensing data to assess how everyday smartphone usage behaviors are related to well-being

Deters, F. G., & Schoedel, R. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107977 · Cited by 29

Mindfulness mediates relations between anxiety with problematic smartphone use severity

Hallauer, C., Rooney, E. A., Billieux, J., Hall, B. J., & Elhai, J. (2022) · Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2022-1-4 · Cited by 16

The design of social media platforms—Initial evidence on relations between personality, fear of missing out, design element-driven increased social media use, and problematic social media use.

Sindermann, C., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2022) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000096 · Cited by 32

Self-Reported Screen Time on Social Networking Sites Associated With Problematic Smartphone Use in Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Study

Guo, N., Luk, T. T., Wang, M. P., Ho, S. Y., Fong, D., Wan, A., Chan, S. S.-C., & Lam, T. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.614061 · Cited by 25

Childhood Trauma, Reflective Functioning, and Problematic Mobile Phone Use Among Male and Female Adolescents

Musetti, A., Brazzi, F., FOLLI, M. C., Plazzi, G., & Franceschini, C. (2020) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874350102013010242 · Cited by 31

Mind-Wandering Mediates the Associations Between Neuroticism and Conscientiousness, and Tendencies Towards Smartphone Use Disorder

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Rumination Across Internet Use Disorders (IUDs): a Systematic Review

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Cognitive emotion regulation mediates the relationship between big-five personality traits and internet use disorder tendencies

Hasani, J., Chashmi, S. J. E., Firoozabadi, M. A., Noory, L., Turel, O., & Montag, C. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.108020 · Cited by 22

Smartphone addiction can maximize or minimize job performance? Assessing the role of life invasion and techno exhaustion

Hessari, H., & Nategh, T. (2022) · Asian Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s13520-022-00145-2 · Cited by 29

Do we need a digital school uniform? Arguments for and against a smartphone ban in schools

Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2023) · Societal Impacts · doi:10.1016/j.socimp.2023.100002 · Cited by 21

The role of emotion dysregulation in adolescents’ problematic smartphone use: A study on adolescent/parents triads

Giordano, C., Coco, G. L., Salerno, L., & Blasi, M. D. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106632 · Cited by 21

The association of motives with problematic smartphone use: A systematic review

Sullivan, B. M., & George, A. M. (2023) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2023-1-2 · Cited by 29

What is irrational in fearing to miss out on being online. An application of the I-PACE model regarding the role of maladaptive cognitions in problematic internet use.

Stanciu, D., & CĂLUGĂR, A. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107365 · Cited by 25

Relationship Between FoMO, Problematic Social Media Use, Self-esteem, Negative Affectivity, and Physical Exercise: A Structural Equation Model

Dadiotis, A., & Ρούσσος, Π. (2023) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-023-00340-3 · Cited by 18

#ProblematicInstaUser: Motivations and the mediating role of fear of missing out among young adults

Sun, J. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02775-y · Cited by 22

Depressive symptomatology is associated with problematic smartphone use severity in adolescents: The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies

Arrivillaga, C., Elhai, J. D., Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2023) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2023-3-2 · Cited by 22

Internet and smartphone use disorder in Asia

Montag, C., & Becker, B. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106380 · Cited by 17

Anxiety sensitivity mediates relations between anxiety (but not depression) and problematic smartphone use severity, adjusting for age and sex, in Chinese adolescents early in the COVID ‐19 pandemic

Hallauer, C. J., Rooney, E., Yang, H., Meng, Q., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2021) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1002/hbe2.319 · Cited by 17

The effect of mobile phone addiction on perceived stress and mediating role of ruminations: Evidence from Chinese and Czech university students

Liu, H., Novotný, J., & Váchová, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1057544 · Cited by 15

How objectively measured Twitter and Instagram use relate to self‐reported personality and tendencies toward Internet/Smartphone Use Disorder

Peterka‐Bonetta, J., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J. D., & Montag, C. (2021) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1002/hbe2.243 · Cited by 17

A perspective of yoga on smartphone addiction: A narrative review

Putchavayala, C. K., Singh, D., & Sashidharan, R. K. (2022) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1765_21 · Cited by 20

Latent profiles of problematic smartphone use severity are associated with social and generalized anxiety, and fear of missing out, among Chinese high school students

Williams, J. R., Sindermann, C., Yang, H., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2023) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2023-5-7 · Cited by 15

Context matters: How smartphone (mis)use may disrupt early emotion regulation development

Roberts, M. Z., Flagg, A. M., & Lin, B. (2021) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2021.100919 · Cited by 12

The relationship between autistic traits and problematic smartphone use in adolescents: The serial mediating role of anxiety and executive dysfunction

Zhou, S., Chen, Z., & Liu, Y. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02180-z · Cited by 15

The relationship between negative life events and wechat addiction among chinese college students: the roles of maladaptive cognition toward wechat and rumination

Mao, H., Zhang, B., Peng, Y., & Xiong, S. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02420-0 · Cited by 13

The Separation of Adult ADHD Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms and Their Association with Problematic Short-Video Use: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Xu, C., Gu, Z., Yan, J., Lock, M., Chen, S., & Zhuang, Q. (2025) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s491731 · Cited by 10

An exploration of motives that influence problematic smartphone use in young adults

Sullivan, B. M., George, A. M., & Rickwood, D. (2024) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2024.2380102 · Cited by 12

Breaking the Cycle: How Fatigue, Cyberloafing, and Self-Regulation Influence Learning Satisfaction in Online Learning

Agrawal, S., & Krishna, S. M. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15030373 · Cited by 21

Smartphone Addiction

Rozgonjuk, D., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2022) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04772-5_4 · Cited by 9

Fear of missing out mediates the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and problematic smartphone use severity

Yao, N., Hallauer, C. J., Hutcheson, E. F., & Elhai, J. D. (2025) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2025-4-9 · Cited by 11

Alterations in functional connectivity in the salience network shared by depressive symptoms and smartphone overuse

Lee, S., Cheong, Y., Ro, J., Bae, J., & Jung, M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79951-6 · Cited by 7

Resilience among Gifted Students: Are They Prone to Anxiety during Pandemic?

Akgül, G. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.2478/sjcapp-2022-0016 · Cited by 11

Associations between mobile phone addiction and depressive symptoms in college students: A conditional process model

Ding, X., Jin, X., Tang, Y., & Yang, Z. (2023) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2023.09.012 · Cited by 8

Trajectories of change in chronic depression: Differences in self-criticism and somatic symptoms between users of antidepressants and nonmedicated patients.

Høstmælingen, A., Ulvenes, P., Nissen‐Lie, H. A., Eielsen, M., & Wampold, B. E. (2021) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000572 · Cited by 5

The fear in desire: linking desire thinking and fear of missing out in the social media context

Brandtner, A., & Wegmann, E. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01216-0 · Cited by 7

Editorial: Problematic Internet Technology Use: Assessment, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Adverse Consequences and Intervention

Elhai, J. D., Rozgonjuk, D., & Brailovskaia, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.786019 · Cited by 6

Underlying dimensions of depression and negative affect are equally related to problematic smartphone and social media use severity

Alavinikoo, S., Elhai, J. D., Hutcheson, E. F., & Montag, C. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116769 · Cited by 5

From active users to passive watchers: Profiles of TikTok engagement and mental health predictors

Chen, J., Yao, N., & Elhai, J. D. (2025) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108552 · Cited by 7

Exploring Latent Profiles of Problematic Social Media Use and Their Relationship with Distress, FoMO, and Self-Esteem: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Turkish Adult Population

Aslan, A. M., & Koç, H. (2026) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-026-10269-4 · Cited by 6

Fear of Missing Out, Social Media Use, and Psychological Wellbeing Among University Students

Arya, B., Sharma, S., & Kumar, H. (2021) · International Journal of Cyber Behavior Psychology and Learning · doi:10.4018/ijcbpl.288496 · Cited by 4

Atención y memoria de acuerdo con el uso del smartphone en adolescentes y jóvenes

Ceballos, L. A. S., & Castillo, J. C. (2022) · Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia · doi:10.17533/udea.rp.e344565 · Cited by 4

The effects of social media addiction on depression and anxiety among university students: The mediating role of family environment

Jameel, A., Xu, H., Guo, W., Malik, S., & Sahito, N. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-45666-z · Cited by 3

Does emotional distress tolerance negatively predict problematic smartphone use or vice versa? Evidence from a longitudinal study and a daily diary study

Chen, S., Yang, L., Qu, Y., & Zhou, N. (2025) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108531 · Cited by 2

Intolerance of uncertainty and emotion dysregulation mediate relations between fear of negative evaluation and problematic social media use severity

Hutcheson, E. F., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2025) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2025-5-7 · Cited by 4

Demographic, social, psychological, mental health, and academic correlates of problematic smartphone use among French psychology students

Cruz, G. V., Rosa, C. D., & Khazaal, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1784927 · Cited by 2

Síndrome de FOMO: síntese, fundamentos teóricos e revisão da literatura sobre relações com a gravidade da afetividade negativa e o uso problemático da tecnologia

Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., & Montag, C. (2022) · Debates em Psiquiatria · doi:10.25118/2763-9037.2022.v12.457 · Cited by 2

Neuroimaging the effects of smartphone (over-)use on brain function and structure – a review on the current state of MRI-based findings and roadmap for future researchPreprint

Becker, B., & Montag, C. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/gh37e · Cited by 2

Reducing smartphone overuse for adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Yum, Y. N., Li, X., Poon, K. Y., & Leung, C. H. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07493-w · Cited by 3

Construction and validation of the motives for smartphone use questionnaire

Sullivan, B. M., George, A. M., & Rickwood, D. (2025) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2025.00006 · Cited by 1

Escape into Social Media? A 4-Week Tracking Study on Nomophobia and Smartphone Coping

Li, J., Chu, Y., Liu, S., Liu, Y., & Xu, J. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14091125 · Cited by 1

Study on smartphone addiction among the university students: A cross sectional survey-based stud

Rezwan, A. K. M., Yasmin, N., Abdullah, K., Mohonto, J., & Khan, S. S. (2023) · World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews · doi:10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.3.1198 · Cited by 2

The relative importance of transdiagnostic factors associated with problematic smartphone use

Roberts, M. Z., Tifft, E. D., Underwood, S. B., & Forsyth, J. P. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.10.002 · Cited by 1

A proposed explanatory theory in digital media: Approach-avoidance media theory and direct evidence from three empirical studiesPreprint

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Additional file 1 of Longitudinal relationships among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: a cross-lagged panel analysis

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